L7_ Introduction to the upper extremity

Question 1

go to your notes and study the different parts of the scapula, the humerus and the clavicle

Answer 1

Yes I did it!

Question 2

Surface anatomy landmarks of the scapula

Answer 2

the spine of the scapula -> TIII

The inferior angle of the scapula -> TVII

Question 3

Define the sternoclavicular joint (location, classification, reinforcing structures and ligaments, movement)

Answer 3

Location: sternal end of clavicle and manubrium of sternum and also articulates with the 1st costal cartillage
Classification: synovial (saddle)
Reinforcing structures and ligaments:
- anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament
- Interclavicular ligament
- Costoclavicular ligament
- Intra-articular disc
Movement: elevation/depression, protraction/retraction

Question 4

interclavicular ligament (location)

Answer 4

location: in between the 2 clavicles

Question 5

costcoclavicular ligament (location)

Answer 5

location: in between the costal cartillage and the clavicle

Question 6

anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligament (location)

Answer 6

location: in between the sternum (manubrium) and the clavicle

Question 7

Define the Acromioclavicular joint (location, classification, reinforcing structures and ligaments, movement)

Answer 7

location: acromial end of clavicle and acromion of scapula
classification: synovial (plane/gliding)
Reinforcing structures and ligaments:
- acromioclavicular ligament
- coracoclavicular ligament
Movement: slight sliding movement

Question 8

acromioclavicular ligament (location)

Answer 8

location: in between the acromion and the clavicle

Question 9

coracoclavicular ligament (location)

Answer 9

location: in between the coracoid process and the clavicle

Question 10

Define the Glenohumeral joint (location, classification, reinforcing structures and ligaments, movement)

Answer 10

location: Head of the humerus and glenoid fossa (cavity) of scapula
Classification: synovial (ball and socket)
Reinforcing structures and ligaments:
- Rotator cuff muscles
- superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments
- coracohumeral ligament
Movement: flexion/extension, abduction/adduction, circumduction internal/external rotation

Question 11

coracohumeral ligament (location)

Answer 11

location: in between the coracoid process and the humerus

Question 12

superior, middle and inferior glenohumeral ligaments (location)

Answer 12

location: at the glenohumeral joint

Question 13

Define the Scapulothoracic “joint”

Answer 13

• not a true joint, because it has no ligament
• region: anterior surface of scapula lying on posterior surface of ribs II- VII
• function: provides dynamic stability of shoulder joint to enable full glenohumeral elevation and abduction

Question 14

Describe the Scapulothoracic rhythm

Answer 14

the scapula and the humerus move in 2:1 ratio.

First 30°: movement only at the glenohumeral joint

Above 30°: everytime the glenohumeral joint moves 2°, we get 1° of movement from the scapulothoracic joint

Question 15

Collaborative movement between the scapulothoracic and glenohumeral joint (first and beyond 30 degrees of abduction)

Answer 15

first 30 degrees: movement occurs at the glenohumeral joint
Beyond 30 degrees: movement at the glenohumeral joint is possible due to concurrent movements at the sternoclavicular and scapulothoracic joints