L6_ the abdominal wall

Question 1

What are the layers of the anterior adbdominal wall

Answer 1

• external oblique muscle
• internal oblique muscle
• Transversus abdominis muscle
• Rectus abdominis

Question 2

External oblique muscle (origin, insertion, functions)

Answer 2

Origin: Ribs V to XII (outer surface)
Insertion: Linea alba, anterior hip bone
function: 
- compress abdominal contents
- Bilateral: lumbar flexion 
- Unilateral: contralateral rotation of the trunk, ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 3

Internal oblique muscle (origin, insertion, functions)

Answer 3

Origin: Thoracolumbar fascia, anterior hip bone
Insertion: Ribs X to XII, linea alba
Functions:
- compress abdominal contents
- Bilateral: lumbar flexion
- Unilateral: ipsilateral rotation of the trunk, ipsilateral lateral flexion

Question 4

Transversus Abdominis muscle(origin, insertion, functions)

Answer 4

Origin: Ribs VII to XII, thoracolumbar fascia, anterior hip bone
Insertion: linea alba, pubis tubercle
Functions:
- compress abdominal contents

Question 5

Rectus Abdominis muscle (origin, insertion, functions)

Answer 5

Origin: pubic cest, superior public ramus
Insertion: Costal cartillage of ribs V to VII, Xiphoid process
Functions:
- Compress the abdominal contents
- flexion of vertebral column

Question 6

What’s the arcuate line?

Answer 6

Where the rectus abdominis muscle pierce through the aponeurosis of external oblique

Question 7

Why is it (the arcuate line) important?

Answer 7

It’s important because with the arcuate line we can move 2 layers of aponeurosis out of the way for the inferior epigastric artery to reach the rectus abdominis.
It moves the internal oblique aponeurosis and the transversus abdominis aponeurosis to the anterior side of the abdominal wall so that the inferior epigastric artery only has to go through the transversalis fascia and the peritoneum.

The arcuate line acts as a tunnel for the inferior epigastric artery

Question 8

Muscles of the posterior abdominal wall

Answer 8

• diaphragm
• psoas minor
• psoas major
• iliacus
• quadratus lumborum
• transversus abdominis
• iliopsoas

Question 9

Quadratus lumborum (origin, insertion, functions)

Answer 9

Origin: rib XII and transverse process of lumbar vertebrae
Insertion: iliac crest
Functions:
- bilateral: extension of the lumbar spine
- Unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

Question 10

Psoas major and minor (origin, insertion, functions)

Answer 10

Origin: MINOR-> TXII to LI
MAJOR-> TXII 
Insertion: MINOR-> pubic bone
MAJOR -> LV
Function: assits in lumbar flexion

Question 11

iliacus (origin, insertion, functions)

Answer 11

Origin and insertion: iliac fossa

function: assits in lumbar flexion

Question 12

What hiatus is the opening for Inferior Vena Cava with its corresponding vertebral body

Answer 12

Caval hiatus TVIII

Question 13

What hiatus is the opening for esophagus with its corresponding vertebral body

Answer 13

Esophageal hiatus TX

Question 14

What hiatus is the opening for aortic with its corresponding vertebral body

Answer 14

Aortic hiatus TXII

Question 15

what are the “ligaments” inside the diaphragm

Answer 15

• lateral arcuate ligament
• medial arcuate ligament
• median arcuate ligament

Question 16

Tell me the trajectory of the blood supply to the anterior abdominal wall (ARTERIES)

Answer 16

Superior epigastric artery does an anastomosis with the inferior epigastric artery that gives the blood supply to the rectus abdominis muscle