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ANAT315 Midterm1 > L4_ muscles of the back and neck > Flashcards

L4_ muscles of the back and neck Flashcards

1
Q

Superficial muscles, primary function is movement of upper limb
what is it?

A

extrinsic muscle of the back

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2
Q

muscles with attachement sites of vertebrae or ribs, primary function is movement and support of the vertebral column, innervation: posterior rami of spinal nerves)
what is it?

A

intrinsic muscle of the back

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3
Q

Muscles of the first superficial layer of the back (extrinsic muscle)

A
  • trapezius

- latissiums dorsi

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4
Q

Muscles of the second superficial layer of the back (extrinsic muscle)

A
  • levator scapulae

- Rhomboid major and minor

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5
Q

Muscles of the third superficial layer of the back (extrinsic muscle)

A
  • serratus posterior superior

- serratus posterior inferior

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6
Q

Trapezius (origin, insertion, functions, innervation, blood supply)

A

origin: external occipital protruberance, ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes CVII to TXII
Insertion: Spine of the scapula, acromion lateral 1/3 of the clavicle
Functions (primary):
- upper fibers: elevation of the scapula
- middle fibers: retraction of the scapula and upward rotation of the scapula
- lower fibers: depression of the scapula and upward rotation of the scapula
functions (secondary):
- bilateral: extension of the neck
- unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion, contralateral rotation of the cervical spine

innervation: spinal accessory
blood supply: transverse cervical artery

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7
Q

latissimus dorsi (origin, insertion, functions, innervation, blood supply)

A

origin: spinous process of TVI to LV, sacrum , iliac crest, thoracolumbar aponeurosis
insertion: floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus

Functions (primary):
- extension
- adduction and medial (internal) rotation of the arm at the glenohumeral joint
functions (secondary):
- bilateral: extension of the back
- unilateral: ipsilateral lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve (C6- C8)
blood supply: Thoracodorsal artery

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8
Q

levator scapulae (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

origin: Transverse processes of CI to CIV
insertion: superomedial border of the scapula
Functions:
- Primary: movement of the scapula
- Secondary: unilateral (ipsilateral lateral flexion of cervical spine) bilateral (extension of the neck at the cervical spine)
innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

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9
Q

Rhomboid major and minor (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

origin: spinous process of CVII to TV
Insertion: medial border of scapula (minor superior to major)
functions: retraction (adduction) of the scapula
Contribute slightly to elevation and downward rotation of the scapula
innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve (C4-C5)

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10
Q

Serratus posterior superior (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

origin: ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII-TIII
insertion: ribs I to IV
functions: elevation of the upper ribs
innervation: anterior rami T1-T4

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11
Q

Serratus posterior inferior (origin, insertion, functions, innervation)

A

origin: thoracolumbar fascia, spinous processes of TXI to LII
insertion: ribs IX to XII
Functions: depression of the lower ribs
innervation: anterior rami T9-T12

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12
Q

What is bordered by the trapezius, latissimus dorsi and Rhomboid major?

A

triangle of auscultation

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13
Q

Muscles of the intermidiate group (intrinsis muscles). What are their functions?

A

Erector spinae (Iliocostalis, Longissimus, spinalis)

Functions: bilateral extension of the vertebral column
unilateral lateral flexion of the spine (only iliocostalis muscle)

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14
Q

Muscles of the transversospinal - deep group (intrinsic muscle)

A
  • rotatores longus and brevis
  • multifidus
  • semispinalis capitis, cervicis, thoracis
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15
Q

Muscles of the minor deep group (intrinsic muscles)

A
  • interspinalis
  • intertransversari
  • levatores costarum
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16
Q

Rotatores longus and brevis (origin, insertion, functions)

A

Origin: transverse processes of the thoracic region
Insertion: spinous processe of the vertberae above the origin (longus: of 2-3 vertebrae above) (brevis= of 1 vertebrae above)
Functions: contralateral rotation of the vertebral column

17
Q

Multifidus (origin, insertion, functions)

A

Origin: Transverse processes (most prominent in the lumbar region)
Insertion: Spinous processes of 2-4 vertebral levels above origin
Function: Contralateral rotation of the vertebral column

18
Q

Semispinalis Capitis, Cervicis, Thoracis (origin, insertion, functions)

A

Origin: transverse processes of the cervical and thoracic region
Insertion: spinous processes of 4-6 vertebral levels above origin
Function: Contralateral rotation of the vertebral column

capitis -> extension of the head

19
Q

Interspinalis (origin, insertion, functions)

A

Between spinous processes

Origin: spinous process of one vertebra
Insertion: spinous process of the vertebra above
function: extension of the vertebral column

20
Q

Intertransversari (origin, insertion, functions)

A

Between transverse processes

Origin: transverse process of cervical and lumbar
Insertion: Transverse process of the vertebra above
function: ipsilateral lateral flexion of the vertebral column

21
Q

Levatores Costarum (origin, insertion, functions)

A

Origin: Transverse process from CVII to TXI
Insertion: Upper border of rib below
Functions:
-Primary: elevates the ribs
- Secondary: ipsilateral lateral flexion of the vertebral column

22
Q

Muscles of the neck (superficial group)

A
  • Splenius Capitis
  • Splenius Cervicis
  • Sternocleidomastoid
23
Q

Muscles of the neck (deep posterior muscles)

A
  • rectus capitis posterior minor
  • rectus capitis posteror major
  • obliquus capitis superior
  • obliquus capitis inferior
24
Q

Muscles of the neck (deep anterior muscles)

A
  • Rectus capitis lateralis
  • Rectus capitis anterior
  • Longus capitis
  • Longus Colli
  • Scalenes (anterior, middle posterior)
25
Q

Splenius capitis (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of CVII to TIII
Insertion: mastoid process of the temporal bone
Functions:
- Bilateral: extension of the head
- Unilateral: lateral flexion and rotation of the head (ipsilateral)
Innervation: posterior rami of Cervical Spinal nerves

26
Q

Splenius cervicis (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: spinous processes of TIII to VI
Insertion: transverse processes of CI to CIII
Functions:
- Bilateral: extension of the cervical spine
- Unilateral: lateral flexion and rotation of the neck (ipsilateral)
Innervation: posterior rami of Cervical Spinal nerves

27
Q

Sternocleidomastoid (origin, insertion, functions)

A

Origin: Manubrium of the sternum and medial clavicle
Insertion: mastoid process
functions:
- Bilateral: extension of the head at atlanto-occipiatl joint, flexion of cervical spine
- Unilateral: rotation to contralateral side, ipsilateral lateral flexion

28
Q

Rectus posterior capitis minor (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: posterior tubercle of atlas
Insertion: occipital bone
Functions: extension of the head
Innervation: suboccipiatl nerve (posterior ramus of C1)

29
Q

Rectus posterior capitis major (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: spinous process of axis
Insertion: occipital bone
functions: extension and ispilateral rotation of the head
Innervation: suboccipiatal nerve (posterior ramus of C1)

30
Q

Obliquus Capitis superior (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: transverse process of atlas
Insertion: Occipital bone
Functions: extension and ispilateral lateral flexion of the head
Innervation: suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of C1)

31
Q

Obliquus Capitis inferior (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: spinous process of axis
Insertion: transverse process of atlas
Functions: ipsilateral rotation of the head via the neck
Innervation: suboccipital nerve (posterior ramus of C1)

32
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: transverse process of atlas
Insertion: occipital bone
Functions: lateral flexion of the head, stabilizes head
Innervation: anterior rami of C1-C3

33
Q

Rectus capitis anterior (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: transverse process of atlas
Insertion: Occipital bone (midline)
Functions: flexion of the head, stabilizes head
Innervation: anterior rami of C1 - C3

34
Q

Longus Capitis (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: Occipital bone
Functions: flexion of the head
Innervation: anterior rami of C1-C3

35
Q

Longus Colli (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: vertebral bodies (inferior to insertion)
Insertion: Transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Functions: Flexion of the cervical spine
Innervation: anterior rami of C1-C3

36
Q

Scalenes anterior, middle, posterior (origin, insertion, functions, innervations)

A

Origin: transverse processes of cervical vertebrae
Insertion: anterior and middle-> rib 1, posterior -> rib 2
Functions: elevation of the ribs, flexion of the cervical spine
Innervation: anterior rami of C3-C8

ANAT315 Midterm1 (10 decks)

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