ILS2_ the skeletal system Flashcards
What are the components of the skeletal system (3)
bone, cartilage, ligament
what’s a ligament
a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue that connects two bones together
functions of the skeleton (5)
support, storage of minerals, blood cell production, protection, leverage (lever system. - joints)
The skull, vertebral column, ribs and the sternum are …
the axial skeleton
the pectoral girdle, the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the pelvic girdle are…
The appendicular skeleton
What type of bone is the humerus? What is it’s definition?
long bones. (long, slender, tubular)
What type of bone is the carpal bones in the hand? What is it’s definition?
short bones (short, cuboid)
What type of bone is the patella (in our knee)? What is it’s definition?
sesamoid bones (round/oval, develop in tendons, small)
What type of bone are the bones of the skull? What is it’s definition?
flat bones (two plates of compact bone separated by spongy bone)
What type of bone is the vertebrae? What is it’s definition?
irregular bones (complex shapes, nothced or ridged surfaces)
tubular components of the long bones
epiphysis
where we narrow from the rounded component to the shaft
metaphysis
the shaft of the long bones
diaphysis
Endosteum
thin vascular membrane of the connective tissue lining the walls of the medullary canal (inside the bones)
Periosteum
thin fibrous connective tissue layer coating outer surface of the bone - provides nourishment and healing properties
Explain the endochondral ossification
Step 1:
Chondrocytes (cartilaginous model) at the center of the growing cartilage model enlarge and then die as the matrix calcifies.
Step 2:
Newly derived osteoblasts (create the bony collar) cover the shaft of the cartilage in a thin layer of bone.
->brings blood vessels
Step 3: PRIMARY OSSIFICATION
Blood vessels penetrate the cartilage. New osteoblasts form a primary ossification center.
-> Start to build bone
-> Replace the cartilage cells that are dying of with bone
-> blood vessels bring more building cells
->penetration of the blood vessels in diaphysis
Step 4: SEPARATION OF DIAPHYSIS FROM EPIPHYSIS
The bone of the shaft thickens, and the cartilage near each epiphysis is replaced by shafts of bone
Step 5: EPIPHYSEAL PLATE “GROWTH PLATE”
Blood vessels invade the epiphyses and osteoblasts form secondary center of ossification.
->penetration of blood vessels in epiphysis
foramen
an opening or hole, passage though a bone
fossa
hollow or depressed area, a shallow depression in a bone
facet
a smooth, flat articular surface
process
an outgrowth or boney projection, “spine-like”
tubercule
a round nodule, small raised eminence or outgrowth often for articulation or muscular attachment
tuberosity
large, rounded projected elevation on boney surface , rough, bumpy feel
condyle
round prominence at end of a bone often for articulation
epicondyle
a round projection above a condyle serving as a surface for ligament and tendon attachment
synovial joints definition
provide movement for the body
solid joint definition
provide structural support, little to no movement
What type of solid joint are they: gomphosis, suture and syndesmosis
fibrous solid joints
What type of solid joint are they: synchondrosis, symphysis
cartilagenous solid joints
What is classification of this synovial joint movement: side to side, up and down
plane and gliding
What is classification of this synovial joint movement: rotate
uniaxial, pivot
What is classification of this synovial joint movement: flexion and extension only in one axis
uniaxial, hinge
What is classification of this synovial joint movement: movement in the frontal and sagittal axis EX: thumb
biaxial, saddle
What is classification of this synovial joint movement: movement in the frontal and sagittal axis EX: chuckles of the finger
biaxial, condyloid
What is classification of this synovial joint movement: movement in all of the 3 axis
multi-axial, ball and socket
