ILS2_ the skeletal system

Question 1

What are the components of the skeletal system (3)

Answer 1

bone, cartilage, ligament

Question 2

what’s a ligament

Answer 2

a sheet or band of tough fibrous tissue that connects two bones together

Question 3

functions of the skeleton (5)

Answer 3

support, storage of minerals, blood cell production, protection, leverage (lever system. - joints)

Question 4

The skull, vertebral column, ribs and the sternum are …

Answer 4

the axial skeleton

Question 5

the pectoral girdle, the bones of the upper and lower limbs and the pelvic girdle are…

Answer 5

The appendicular skeleton

Question 6

What type of bone is the humerus? What is it’s definition?

Answer 6

long bones. (long, slender, tubular)

Question 7

What type of bone is the carpal bones in the hand? What is it’s definition?

Answer 7

short bones (short, cuboid)

Question 8

What type of bone is the patella (in our knee)? What is it’s definition?

Answer 8

sesamoid bones (round/oval, develop in tendons, small)

Question 9

What type of bone are the bones of the skull? What is it’s definition?

Answer 9

flat bones (two plates of compact bone separated by spongy bone)

Question 10

What type of bone is the vertebrae? What is it’s definition?

Answer 10

irregular bones (complex shapes, nothced or ridged surfaces)

Question 11

tubular components of the long bones

Answer 11

epiphysis

Question 12

where we narrow from the rounded component to the shaft

Answer 12

metaphysis

Question 13

the shaft of the long bones

Answer 13

diaphysis

Question 14

Endosteum

Answer 14

thin vascular membrane of the connective tissue lining the walls of the medullary canal (inside the bones)

Question 15

Periosteum

Answer 15

thin fibrous connective tissue layer coating outer surface of the bone - provides nourishment and healing properties

Question 16

Explain the endochondral ossification

Answer 16

Step 1:
Chondrocytes (cartilaginous model) at the center of the growing cartilage model enlarge and then die as the matrix calcifies.
Step 2:
Newly derived osteoblasts (create the bony collar) cover the shaft of the cartilage in a thin layer of bone.
->brings blood vessels
Step 3: PRIMARY OSSIFICATION
Blood vessels penetrate the cartilage. New osteoblasts form a primary ossification center.
-> Start to build bone
-> Replace the cartilage cells that are dying of with bone
-> blood vessels bring more building cells
->penetration of the blood vessels in diaphysis
Step 4: SEPARATION OF DIAPHYSIS FROM EPIPHYSIS
The bone of the shaft thickens, and the cartilage near each epiphysis is replaced by shafts of bone
Step 5: EPIPHYSEAL PLATE “GROWTH PLATE”
Blood vessels invade the epiphyses and osteoblasts form secondary center of ossification.
->penetration of blood vessels in epiphysis

Question 17

foramen

Answer 17

an opening or hole, passage though a bone

Question 18

fossa

Answer 18

hollow or depressed area, a shallow depression in a bone

Question 19

facet

Answer 19

a smooth, flat articular surface

Question 20

process

Answer 20

an outgrowth or boney projection, “spine-like”

Question 21

tubercule

Answer 21

a round nodule, small raised eminence or outgrowth often for articulation or muscular attachment

Question 22

tuberosity

Answer 22

large, rounded projected elevation on boney surface , rough, bumpy feel

Question 23

condyle

Answer 23

round prominence at end of a bone often for articulation

Question 24

epicondyle

Answer 24

a round projection above a condyle serving as a surface for ligament and tendon attachment

Question 25

synovial joints definition

Answer 25

provide movement for the body

Question 26

solid joint definition

Answer 26

provide structural support, little to no movement

Question 27

What type of solid joint are they: gomphosis, suture and syndesmosis

Answer 27

fibrous solid joints

Question 28

What type of solid joint are they: synchondrosis, symphysis

Answer 28

cartilagenous solid joints

Question 29

What is classification of this synovial joint movement: side to side, up and down

Answer 29

plane and gliding

Question 30

What is classification of this synovial joint movement: rotate

Answer 30

uniaxial, pivot

Question 31

What is classification of this synovial joint movement: flexion and extension only in one axis

Answer 31

uniaxial, hinge

Question 32

What is classification of this synovial joint movement: movement in the frontal and sagittal axis EX: thumb

Answer 32

biaxial, saddle

Question 33

What is classification of this synovial joint movement: movement in the frontal and sagittal axis EX: chuckles of the finger

Answer 33

biaxial, condyloid

Question 34

What is classification of this synovial joint movement: movement in all of the 3 axis

Answer 34

multi-axial, ball and socket