L7 UL Bone and Muscle

Question 1

Answer 1

• dissipate forces (s-shape) and transfers to midline
• no medullayr cavity, but is a long bone

Question 2

fracture of the clavicle

Answer 2

• common when weight-bearing
• b/w lateral third and medial third (midshaft)

Question 3

attachments to the scapula

Answer 3

• supraspinatous muscle attaches to supraspinous fossa
• infraspinatous muscle lines infraspinous fossa
• lateral border, aka axillary border
• medial border, aka vertebral border
• supraglenoid tubercle: long head of biceps
• infraglenoid tubercle: long head of triceps

Question 4

Answer 4

• suprascapular notch: ligament, artery and nerve goes through this

Question 5

Answer 5

• b/w greater and lesser tubercle: long head of biceps tendon
• deltoid tuberosity = deltoid insertion

Question 6

fracture of humerus

Answer 6

• fracture sites
  
  • surgical neck: axillary nerve, anterior and posterior humeral circumflex artery
  • midshaft: radial n., deep brachial a.
  • supracondylar: brachial a. and median n.
  • medial epicondyle: ulnar n.

Question 7

important fascia in the upper limb

Answer 7

• brachial fascia
• antebrachial fascia
• flexor and extensor retinaculum
• palmar aponeurosis

Question 8

upper limb muscles from spine

Answer 8

• superficial: trapezius, latissimus dorsi
• deeper: levator scapulae, rhomboid minor and rhomboid major
• everything except trapezius is innervated by brachial plexus

Question 9

triangle of auscultation

Answer 9

• used to hear heart rate and lungs
• borders: latissimus dorsi, trapezius and scapula

Question 10

Answer 10

Question 11

clinical significance of paralysis of serratus anterior

Answer 11

• serratus anterior function: protract scapula
• paralysis = winging of scapula when patient puts hands against wall and pushes

Question 12

intrinsic shoulder muscles

Answer 12

• deltoid
• teres major
• rotator cuff muscles (SITS)
  
  • supraspinatous
  • infraspinatous
  • teres minor
  • subscapularis

Question 13

Answer 13

• multipennate
• keeps humerus in glenoid fossa

Question 14

teres major

Answer 14

• inserts in intertubercular groove
• latissimus dorsi inserts b/w teres major and pectoralis major

Question 15

Answer 15

• stabilise shoulder
• act as dynamic ligaments
• fixators

Question 16

rotator cuff injuries

Answer 16

• impingement of supraspinatous: repetitive stress
  
  • subacromial bursa calcification
  • affects start of abduction
• frozen shoulder: adhesive capsulitis
  
  • glenohumeral joint inflammation

Question 17

muscles of anterior compartment o fthe arm

Answer 17

• biceps
  
  • long head goes intracapsular - site of injury
• coracobrachialis
• brachialis

all supplied by the musculocutaneous nerve (passes b/w the 2 heads of coracobrachialis)

Question 18

biceps injury

Answer 18

• tendinities
• dislocation
• rupture of long head: pop eye syndrome

Question 19

muscles of posterior compartment of the arm

Answer 19

• triceps (long head attaches to infraglenoid tubercle)
• anconeus
• supplied by radial nerve (passes medial and lateral heads of triceps)
  
  • suscept to injury in mid-shaft fractures of humerus

Question 20

Answer 20

Question 21

suprascapular notch

Answer 21

• transverse scapular ligament → suprascapular foramen
  
  • suprascapular nerve
• suprascapular artery runs superior to transverse scapular ligament

Question 22

quadrangular space

Answer 22

• borders: subscapularis, teres major, long head of triceps, humeral shaft
• endangered by surgical neck fracture
  
  • axillary nerve: deltoid and teres minor
  • posterior humeral circumflex artery

Question 23

triangular space

Answer 23

• circumflex scapular artery - innervates scapula

Question 24

triangular interval

Answer 24

• border: teres major , long head of triceps and shaft of humerus
• radial nerve and deep brachial artery