L7. CONFORMITY AND DEVIANCE Flashcards
The identification of oneself in society is always relative to his/her existing environment.
Conformity
He tried to show how certain social processes modify the presentation of self and the impact of role expectations on the behavior of an individual in his book The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life.
Erving Goffman
To ___________, everyone is consciously playing a role.
Goffman
He distinguished between the different types of conformity
Kelman
This occurs when an individual accepts influence because he hopes to achieve a favorable reaction from another person or group.
Compliance (or group acceptance)
This occurs when an individual accepts influence because the content of the induced behavior-the ideas and actions of which it is composed is intrinsically rewarding.
Internalization (genuine acceptance of group norms)
A person publicly changes his behavior to fit in with the group, while also agreeing with others privately. This is the deepest level of conformity where the beliefs of the group become part of the individual’s own belief system
Internalization (genuine acceptance of group norms)
The individuals adopts the induced behavior because he expects to gain specific rewards or approval and avoids specific punishment or disapproval by conformity
Compliance (or group acceptance)
This occurs “when an individual accepts influence because he wants to establish or maintain a satisfying self-defining relationship to another person or group”. ). Individuals conform to the expectations of a social role, e.g. nurses, police officers. It is similar to compliance as there does not have to be a change in private opinion.
Identification (or group membership)
This is when a person conforms to impress or gain favor/acceptance from other people. It is similar to normative influence, but is motivated by the need for social rewards rather than the threat of rejection, i.e., group pressure does not enter the decision to conform.
Ingratiational
This refers to any behavior that differs or diverges from established social norm
Social Deviance
FUNCTIONS OF DEVIANCE (4)
- Serves as an outlet for diverse forms of expressions
- Serves to define the limits of acceptable behaviour
- May also promote in-group solidarity
- Can serve as a barometer of social strain
According to __________ _______________, deviance can serve a number of functions for society. He asserted that there is nothing abnormal in deviance.
Emile Durkheim
He argued that in an unequal society the tension or strain between socially approved goals and an individual’s ability to meet those goals through socially approved means will lead to deviance as individuals reject either goals, the means, or both.
Robert Merton
FUNCTIONS OF DEVIANCE. (4)
a. Deviance affirms cultural values and norms.
b. Responding to deviance clarifies moral boundary
c. Responding to deviance promotes social unity
d. Deviance encourages social change.
He argued that in an unequal society the tension or strain between socially approved goals and an individual’s ability to meet those goals through socially approved means will lead to deviance as individuals reject either goals, the means, or both.
Robert Merton
MERTON’S FORMS OF DEVIANCE
It involves accepting both the cultural goal of success and the use of legitimate means for achieving that goal.
Conformity
MERTON’S FORMS OF DEVIANCE
This response involves accepting the goal of success but rejecting the use of socially accepted means of achieving it, turning instead to unconventional, illegitimate means.
Innovation
MERTON’S FORMS OF DEVIANCE
This occurs when people deemphasize or reject the importance of success once they realize they will never achieve it and instead concentrate on following or enforcing these rules than ever was intended.
Ritualism
MERTON’S FORMS OF DEVIANCE
This means withdrawal from society, caring neither about success nor about working.
Retreatism
MERTON’S FORMS OF DEVIANCE
This occurs when people reject and attempt to change both the goals and the means approved by society.
Rebellion
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF DEVIANCE
According to Emile Durkheim, deviance can serve a number of functions for society. He asserted that there is nothing abnormal in deviance. He gave four major functions of deviance.
Functionalist Theory
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF DEVIANCE
Robert Merton argued that in an unequal society the tension or strain between socially approved goals and an individual’s ability to meet those goals through socially approved means will lead to deviance as individuals reject either goals, the means, or both.
Strain Theory
SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF DEVIANCE
Travis Hirschi assumed that the family, school, and other social institutions can greatly contribute to social order by controlling deviant tendencies in very individual.
Control Theory
_______ _______ assumed that the family, school, and other social institutions can greatly contribute to social order by controlling deviant tendencies in very individual.
Travis Hirschi
This refers to the efforts of a group or society to regulate the behavior of its members in conformity with established norm
Social Control
He said that everyone is consciously playing a role
Erving Goffman
An unofficial sanction, that has often casual pressures to conform. These positive sanctions involve reward for conformity or compliance and negative sanctions involve penalties for not conforming.
Informal Sanctions
Official sanction, institutionalized incentives to conform and penalties for deviance. These are needed in large, complex societies.
Formal Sanctions
These are natural rights of all human beings whatever their nationality, religion, ethnicity, sex, language, and color.
Human Rights
These are inalienable rights that protect our dignity as human beings
Human Rights
KINDS OF RIGHTS
Rights inherent to man and given to him by God as human being
Natural Rights
KINDS OF RIGHTS
Rights guaranteed under the fundamental charter of the country
Constitutional Rights
KINDS OF RIGHTS
Rights provided by the lawmaking body of a country or by law
Statutory Rights
KINDS OF RIGHTS
Rights specified under the Bill of Rights and enjoyed by an individual by virtue of his citizenship in a state or community
Civil Rights
KINDS OF RIGHTS
Rights to property, whether personal, real, or intellectual.
Economic Rights
KINDS OF RIGHTS
Rights an individual enjoys as a consequence of being a member of a body politic.
Political Rights
