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Block 10 Ellen > L6: renal acid-base balance > Flashcards

L6: renal acid-base balance Flashcards

1
Q

acid=

A

H+ donating substance

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2
Q

base=

A

H+ accepting substance

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3
Q

what blood vessels have a higher PH

A

Arteries

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4
Q

why are veins more acidic

A

carry more CO2 –> carbonic acid

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5
Q

3 things that regulate H+ conc in blood

A

chemical buffers
respiratory centre
renal system

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6
Q

where are chemoreceptors located

A

carotid arteries
aortic arch
medulla

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7
Q

what can respiration do when there is excess CO2

A

breath faster

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8
Q

which part of the kidneys does acid base balance happen

A

collecting tubules

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9
Q

what balance happens in the principal cells

A

H2O and Na+

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10
Q

what do carotid and aortic bodies detect

A

O2

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11
Q

what does the medulla detect

A

CO2/ decrease Ph

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12
Q

what do intercalated cells do

A

acid base balance

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13
Q

what cell responds to ADH by making more aquaporin channels

A

principal cells

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14
Q

how is filtered HCO3- reabsorbed

A

by forming H2O and CO2 which can enter the cell via carbonic anhydrase

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15
Q

in the cell what happens to the H2O and CO2

A

H+ is excreted in filtrate HCO3- enters the peritubular capillary

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16
Q

when does H+ secretion stop

A

when pH is lower than 4.5

17
Q

normal urine pH =

A

6-8

18
Q

what amino acid is used to generate new HCO3-

A

glutamine

19
Q

what happens to the H+ when urine pH is lower than 4.5

A

HPO4- is used to accept h+ –> H2PO4- which is excreted

20
Q

what is glutamine metabolised to

A

NH4+ and HCO3-

21
Q

what happens to the NH4+ from glutamine

A

secreted into filtrate

22
Q

what happens to HCO3- from glutamine

A

enters the peritubular capillaries

23
Q

2 types of acidosis

A

respiratory acidosis

metabolic acidosis

24
Q

reason for respiratory acidosis=

A

impaired ventilation

25
Q

reasons for metabolic acidosis (3)

A
  • diarrhoea
  • renal disease
  • uncontrolled DM/ starvation
26
Q

cause for respiratory alkalosis

A

rapid ventilation

27
Q

cause for metabolic alkalosis

A

vomiting

28
Q

what do you measure in metabolic ph change

A

HCO3

29
Q

what do you measure in respiratory pH change

A

PCO2

30
Q

alkalosis pH=

A

> 7.45

31
Q

acidosis pH=

A

<7.35

32
Q

why are infants at greater risk of abnormal pH (5)

A
  • low volume on lungs
  • excessive fluid shift
  • high metabolic rate
  • higher water loss rate
  • inefficient kidneys
33
Q

why are older people at higher risk (3)

A

decrease in total body volume
slow homeostasis
unresponsive thirst ques

34
Q

which control of pH is fastest

A

lungs

Block 10 Ellen (9 decks)

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