Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Block 10 Ellen > L1: The approach to the patient with kidney disease > Flashcards

L1: The approach to the patient with kidney disease Flashcards

1
Q

6 functions of the kidneys

A
  • excretions of waste products
  • fluid and electrolyte balance
  • acid: base balance
  • control of Bp
  • EPO production
  • conversion of 25-Vit D to 1,25-Vit D
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

end stage kidney disease=

A

not enough kidney function to sustain normal life

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

RRT=

A

renal replacement therapy - dialysis/ transplant

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

main presentation of kidney disease

A

asymptomatic –> incidental/ screening

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

normal glomerular filtration rate=

A

80-120 m/m

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

which effect of kidney disease often can lead to symptoms

A

endocrine dysfunction –> EPO

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

2 upper urinary tract symptoms

A

pain

haematuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

where is the pain in upper urinary tract symptoms

A

loin pain –> may radiate to groin/testicle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

name 6 obstructive voiding symptoms

A
  • hesitancy
  • delay in initiating micturition
  • weak stream
  • straining to void
  • incomplete emptying
  • terminal dribbling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

name 6 storage symptoms

A
  • urinary frequency
  • Nocturia
  • urgency
  • incontinence
  • bladder pain
  • dysuria
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

3 urine abnormalities

A

volume
colour
odour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

increase in urine volume =

A

polyuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

decrease in urine volume=

A

oliguria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

no urine=

A

anuria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

3 reasons for polyuria

A
  • post renal obstruction
  • osmotic diuretic (e.g glucose in diabetes)
  • early kidney disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

reason for oliguria

A

acute kidney injury

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

reasons for anuria

A
  • severe actue kidney injury
  • end stage kidney failure
  • complete post renal obstruction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what colour is urine with muscle breakdown in it

A

browny red

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

cloudy urine=

A

excess white cells due to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

thick urine=

A

pus (infected)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

frothy urine=

A

proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

debris in the urine= (3)

A
  • infection
  • vesico-colic fistula
  • infarction of the pili in the kidney (papillary necrosis)
23
Q

dipstick- leucocyte esterase =

A

white cells in urine= infection

24
Q

dipstick- nitrites present=

25
dipstick- urobilinogen =
haemolysis
26
dipstick- protein=
problem with glomerular basement membrane and glomerular filtre
27
dipstick pH high =
bacterial infection or renal tubular acidosis
28
dipstick blood in urine=
bleeding from urothelium or leakage through glomerular filtrate
29
haemolysis=
rupture/ destruction of RBCs
30
what changes specific gravity
dilute urine or excess ADH
31
dipstick- ketones=
ketoacidosis
32
dipstick- high bilirubin=
obstructive jaundice
33
dipstick- glucose =
diabetes mellitus
34
what is creatinine
muscle protein released into serum and filtered through kidneys
35
what can creatinine be used for
to estimate glomerular filtration rate (GFR)
36
what 2 things is creatine based GFR dependant on
muscle mass and renal function
37
urea=
breakdown product of protein metabolism
38
when does urea rise
as kidney function worsens, people with severe renal failure develop uremia
39
what electrolytes does the kidney control
Na and K levels in blood
40
how do kidneys balance water and sodium
RAAS (renin angiotensin system)
41
name 4 things the kidneys excrete
urea creatinine uric acid phosphate
42
in chronic kidney disease what does retention of salts and water cause
oedema | hypertension
43
in chronic kidney disease what does the redistribution of salt and water cause
hypoalbuminaemia due to proteinuria
44
why in chronic kidney disease is salt and water retained
- because of a decreased nephron mass (so can't filter sodium) - increased renin release
45
what is secondary hypertension most often caused by
kidney disease
46
what is accelerated phase hypertension
kidney arteries with excess muscle and intima leaving little lumen --> acute kidney injury as no blood
47
what does accelerated phase hypertension lead to in the eye
grade 4 hypertensive retinopathy
48
2 manifestations of glomerular damage
protein loss | haematuria
49
2 types of haematuria
visible vs non visible
50
common genetic kidney disease=
autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease
51
what is the age of presentation with end stage kidney disease bc of polycystic disease
bimodal: | -30-40s or 70s
52
what gene causes polycystic disease to cause ESKD at 30-40
APKD1
53
what gene causes polycystic disease to cause ESKD at 70
APKD2

Block 10 Ellen (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions