L6 - Predicate Logic

Question 1

one of the pinnacles of the development in Logic for it aims to address the limits of Propositional Logic.

Answer 1

Predicate Logic

Question 2

propositions could also be broke down to subatomic parts:

Answer 2

subject and predicate

Question 3

any proper noun

Answer 3

subject

Question 4

indicate property of a subject

Answer 4

predicate

Question 5

function of predicates

Answer 5

adjective, noun, verb, relation

Question 6

indicate the subject of a proposition

Answer 6

individual constants

Question 7

Italicized lowercase Roman alphabet is used for this

Answer 7

individual constants

Question 8

indicate the predicate. Italicized uppercase Roman alphabet is used.

Answer 8

predicate letters

Question 9

In cases when propositions contain no definite subject the letters used are called

Answer 9

individual variables

Question 10

This WFF is called an _______ serving as the blueprint of basic propositions in Predicate Logic.

Answer 10

Open Formula or Propositional Formula

Question 11

It is neither true nor false and will only gain truth-value once the individual variable is supplied by an individual constant.

Answer 11

Open Formula or Propositional Formula

Question 12

In using individual variables and constants, three possible instances/combinations

Answer 12

1. 1-place arity singulary/unary
2. 2-place arity Binart
3. 3-place arity Ternary

Question 13

makes use of only x with the predicate functioning as the property of x.

Answer 13

1-place arity singulary/unary

Question 14

makes use of x and y with the predicate functioning as the relation between x and y.

Answer 14

binary

Question 15

makes use of x, y, and z with the predicate functioning as
the relation of x to y and z.

Answer 15

ternary

Question 16

Going back to individual variables, analysis of propositions with uncertain subjects is guided by the

Answer 16

Square of Oppositions.

Question 17

there are two quantifying symbols used in Predicate Logic:

Answer 17

universal quantifier and existential quantifier

Question 18

indicates that a predicate is attributed to all possible subjects (everyone, everything, everywhere, etc.)

Answer 18

universal quantifier

Question 19

indicates that a predicate is attributed only to some subjects

Answer 19

existential quantifier

Question 20

A contradicts

Answer 20

O

Question 21

I contradicts

Answer 21

E

Question 22

possible instances/combinations

Answer 22

arity

Question 23

A

Answer 23

universal affirmation
( ∀x ) ( Kx )

Question 24

E

Answer 24

(Universal Negation) Everyone is not kind ( ∀x ) ~ ( Kx )

Question 25

I

Answer 25

(Existential Affirmation) Someone is kind ( ∃x ) ( Kx )

Question 26

O

Answer 26

(Existential Negation) Someone is not kind ( ∃x ) ~ ( Kx )

Question 27

Relation between A and E: at most one must be true.

Answer 27

Contrary

Question 28

Relation between I and O: at least one must be true

Answer 28

Subcontrary

Question 29

Relation between the subaltern (universal proposition) and its superaltern (existential proposition): if A is true then I is necessarily true, if E is true then O is necessarily true, but not the converse for both.

Answer 29

Sublaternative

Question 30

in which it is asserted that a particular individual has some specified attribute

Answer 30

Affirmative singular proposition

Question 31

an expression that contains an individual variable and becomes a statement when that instantiated. A propositional function can also become a statement by the process of generalization

Answer 31

Propositional function

Question 32

used before a propositional function to assert that the predicate following the symbol is true of everything

Answer 32

Universal quantifier | a symbol,

Question 33

used before a propositional function to assert that the function has one or more true substitution instances

Answer 33

Existential quantifier