L6: Basic Tissue Types & Systems

Question 1

Define tissues

Answer 1

Group of similar, identical, cells that act together to perform a specific function

Question 2

Define organs

Answer 2

Organisation of several different kinds of tissues that are arranged togtherer to perform a special function

Question 3

Define epithelia

Answer 3

Sheets of cells interconnected together, cover/lines surfaces

Functions:
- Protective for surfaces

Cover surfaces:
- Lining of blood vessels
- Lining of stomach

Question 4

Functions of epithelia

Answer 4

Lining/cover surfaces

Question 5

What fills the space between cells?

Answer 5

Extracellular matrix

Question 6

4 tissue types

Answer 6

1) Epithelial tissue
2) Connective tissue
3) Nervous tissue
4) Muscle tissue

Question 7

4 epithelia classification

Answer 7

1. Cell shape
2. Arrangement
3. Specialisations on cells
4. Specailised cells

Question 8

3 cell shapes

Answer 8

1. Simple squamous
2. Simple cuboidal
3. Simple columnar

Question 9

3 cell arrangements

Answer 9

1. Pseudostratified
2. Stratified squamous
3. Stratified transitional

Question 10

Define pseudostratified

Answer 10

Made of closely packed cells arranged in layers as they’re different sizes

Question 11

3 cell specialisations

Answer 11

1. Microvilli
2. Cilia
3. Keratinised

Question 12

Example of a specialised cell type within epithelium

Answer 12

Goblet cells

Question 13

3 types of connective tissues

Answer 13

1. Connective tissue proper
2. Fluid connective tissues
3. Supporting connective tissues

Question 14

Features of connective tissue functions
1. What does it form?

Answer 14

Forms framework of body to preserve body form
- Structural support
- Attachment
- Physical protection

Question 15

What are soft & hard connective tissue properties determined by?

Answer 15

Extracellular matrix they secrete

Question 16

3 major matrix components

Answer 16

1. Proteoglycans
2. Collagen proteins
3. Elastic fibres

PG: protein with many charged carb side chain
Collagen: Rope-like, bend but don’t stretch
Elastic: Stretchable

Question 17

5 matrix determined properties

Answer 17

1. Dermis of skin
2. Tendon
3. Ligament
4. Cartilage
5. Bone

Question 18

2 types of cell that makes up nervous tissue

Answer 18

1. Neurons
2. Glial cells

Accumulation of nervous tissue cell bodies form brain & spinal cord & ganglia

Question 19

What is nervous tissue found throughout the body as ?

Answer 19

Nerves

Question 20

What does accumulation of nervous tissue cell bodies form?

Answer 20

Brain & spinal cord & ganglia

Question 21

Function of neurons in nervous tissue

Answer 21

1. Send electrical systems
2. Receive information on short dendrites
3. Send information along long axons

Question 22

Function of glial cells

Answer 22

1. Provide support/nutrients for neurons
2. Wrap around axon to speed nerve signal

Question 23

2 matter that makes up the spinal cord

Answer 23

1. White matter
2. Grey matter

Question 24

What does white & grey matter contain?

Answer 24

White: Axons & glial cells
Grey: Neuron cell bodies & glial cells

Question 25

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 25

1. Skeletal muscle 2. Smooth muscle 3. Cardiac muscle

Question 26

Describe the 3 types of muscle

Answer 26

Skeletal: Attached to skeleton via tendons for voluntary movement Smooth: Involuntary & found in walls of hollow internal organs & blood vessels Cardiac: Only found in the heart

Question 27

Describe the tissues in the liver

Answer 27

Mostly epithelia

Question 28

Define organ

Answer 28

Group of tissues which perform a common function

Question 29

What mixture is in each organ?

Answer 29

Mixture of 4 body tissues - Muscle - Connective - Nervous - Epithelial

Question 30

Describe the tissues in the brain

Answer 30

Mostly nervous tissue (neurons & glia) - Endothelial cells lining blood vessels containing blood - Smooth muscle - Soft connective tissue around larger blood vessels

Question 31

Describe which tissues are in the liver

Answer 31

- Mostly epithelial - Fluid connective tissue (blood) - Soft connective tissue (fibroblasts & fat cells) - Little smooth muscle

Question 32

Describe the tissues in the oseophagus of gut

Answer 32

Stratified squamous epithelium lining the lumen - Soft connective tissue in lamina properia - Nervous tissue controlling muscle movement

Question 33

Define systems

Answer 33

Comprises at least 2 organs that work together to perform a specialised function ## Footnote 11 systems in humans