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Fundamentals of Anatomy & Developmental Biology > L6: Basic Tissue Types & Systems > Flashcards

L6: Basic Tissue Types & Systems Flashcards

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1
Q

Define tissues

A

Group of similar, identical, cells that act together to perform a specific function

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2
Q

Define organs

A

Organisation of several different kinds of tissues that are arranged togtherer to perform a special function

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3
Q

Define epithelia

A

Sheets of cells interconnected together, cover/lines surfaces

Functions:
- Protective for surfaces

Cover surfaces:
- Lining of blood vessels
- Lining of stomach

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4
Q

Functions of epithelia

A

Lining/cover surfaces

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5
Q

What fills the space between cells?

A

Extracellular matrix

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6
Q

4 tissue types

A

1) Epithelial tissue
2) Connective tissue
3) Nervous tissue
4) Muscle tissue

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7
Q

4 epithelia classification

A
  1. Cell shape
  2. Arrangement
  3. Specialisations on cells
  4. Specailised cells
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8
Q

3 cell shapes

A
  1. Simple squamous
  2. Simple cuboidal
  3. Simple columnar
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9
Q

3 cell arrangements

A
  1. Pseudostratified
  2. Stratified squamous
  3. Stratified transitional
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10
Q

Define pseudostratified

A

Made of closely packed cells arranged in layers as they’re different sizes

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11
Q

3 cell specialisations

A
  1. Microvilli
  2. Cilia
  3. Keratinised
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12
Q

Example of a specialised cell type within epithelium

A

Goblet cells

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13
Q

3 types of connective tissues

A
  1. Connective tissue proper
  2. Fluid connective tissues
  3. Supporting connective tissues
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14
Q

Features of connective tissue functions
1. What does it form?

A

Forms framework of body to preserve body form
- Structural support
- Attachment
- Physical protection

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15
Q

What are soft & hard connective tissue properties determined by?

A

Extracellular matrix they secrete

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16
Q

3 major matrix components

A
  1. Proteoglycans
  2. Collagen proteins
  3. Elastic fibres

PG: protein with many charged carb side chain
Collagen: Rope-like, bend but don’t stretch
Elastic: Stretchable

17
Q

5 matrix determined properties

A
  1. Dermis of skin
  2. Tendon
  3. Ligament
  4. Cartilage
  5. Bone
18
Q

2 types of cell that makes up nervous tissue

A
  1. Neurons
  2. Glial cells

Accumulation of nervous tissue cell bodies form brain & spinal cord & ganglia

19
Q

What is nervous tissue found throughout the body as ?

A

Nerves

20
Q

What does accumulation of nervous tissue cell bodies form?

A

Brain & spinal cord & ganglia

21
Q

Function of neurons in nervous tissue

A
  1. Send electrical systems
  2. Receive information on short dendrites
  3. Send information along long axons
22
Q

Function of glial cells

A
  1. Provide support/nutrients for neurons
  2. Wrap around axon to speed nerve signal
23
Q

2 matter that makes up the spinal cord

A
  1. White matter
  2. Grey matter
24
Q

What does white & grey matter contain?

A

White: Axons & glial cells
Grey: Neuron cell bodies & glial cells

25
Q

3 types of muscle tissue

A
  1. Skeletal muscle
  2. Smooth muscle
  3. Cardiac muscle
26
Q

Describe the 3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal: Attached to skeleton via tendons for voluntary movement

Smooth: Involuntary & found in walls of hollow internal organs & blood vessels

Cardiac: Only found in the heart

27
Q

Describe the tissues in the liver

A

Mostly epithelia

28
Q

Define organ

A

Group of tissues which perform a common function

29
Q

What mixture is in each organ?

A

Mixture of 4 body tissues
- Muscle
- Connective
- Nervous
- Epithelial

30
Q

Describe the tissues in the brain

A

Mostly nervous tissue (neurons & glia)
- Endothelial cells lining blood vessels containing blood
- Smooth muscle
- Soft connective tissue around larger blood vessels

31
Q

Describe which tissues are in the liver

A
  • Mostly epithelial
  • Fluid connective tissue (blood)
  • Soft connective tissue (fibroblasts & fat cells)
  • Little smooth muscle
32
Q

Describe the tissues in the oseophagus of gut

A

Stratified squamous epithelium lining the lumen
- Soft connective tissue in lamina properia
- Nervous tissue controlling muscle movement

33
Q

Define systems

A

Comprises at least 2 organs that work together to perform a specialised function

11 systems in humans

Fundamentals of Anatomy & Developmental Biology (9 decks)

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