L6: Basic Tissue Types & Systems

Question 1

Define tissues

Answer 1

Group of similar, identical, cells that act together to perform a specific function

Question 2

Define organs

Answer 2

Organisation of several different kinds of tissues that are arranged togtherer to perform a special function

Question 3

Define epithelia

Answer 3

Sheets of cells interconnected together, cover/lines surfaces

Functions:
- Protective for surfaces

Cover surfaces:
- Lining of blood vessels
- Lining of stomach

Question 4

4 epithelia classification

Answer 4

1. Cell shape
2. Arrangement
3. Specialisations on cells
4. Specailised cells

Question 5

3 cell shapes

Answer 5

1. Simple squamous
2. Simple cuboidal
3. Simple columnar

Question 6

3 cell arrangements

Answer 6

1. Pseduostratified
2. Stratified squamous
3. Stratified transitional

Question 7

Define pseudostratified

Answer 7

Made of closely packed cells arranged in layers as they’re different sizes

Question 8

3 cell specialisations

Answer 8

1. Microvilli
2. Cilia
3. Keratinised

Question 9

Example of a specialised cell type within epithelium

Answer 9

Goblet cells

Question 10

3 types of connective tissues

Answer 10

1. Connective tissue proper
2. Fluid connective tissues
3. Supporting connective tissues

Question 11

Features of connective tissue functions
1. What does it form?

Answer 11

Forms framework of body to preserve body form
- Structural support
- Attachment
- Physical protection

Question 12

What are soft & hard connective tissue properties determined by?

Answer 12

Extracellular matrix they secrete

Question 13

3 major matrix components

Answer 13

1. Proteoglycans
2. Collagen proteins
3. Elastic fibres

PG: protein with many charged carb side chain
Collagen: Rope-like, bend but don’t stretch
Elastic: Stretchable

Question 14

5 matrix determined properties

Answer 14

1. Dermis of skin
2. Tendon
3. Ligament
4. Cartilage
5. Bone

Question 15

2 types of cell that makes up nervous tissue

Answer 15

1. Neurons
2. Glial cells

Accumulation of nervous tissue cell bodies form brain & spinal cord & ganglia

Question 16

Function of neurons in nervous tissue

Answer 16

1. Send electrical systems
2. Receive information on short dendrites
3. Send information along long axons

Question 17

Function of glial cells

Answer 17

1. Provide support/nutrients for neurons
2. Wrap around axon to speed nerve signal

Question 18

2 matter that makes up the spinal cord

Answer 18

1. White matter
2. Grey matter

Question 19

What does white & grey matter contain?

Answer 19

White: Axons & glial cells
Grey: Neuron cell bodies & glial cells

Question 20

3 types of muscle tissue

Answer 20

1. Skeletal muscle
2. Smooth muscle
3. Cardiac muscle

Question 21

Describe the 3 types of muscle

Answer 21

Skeletal: Attached to skeleton via tendons for voluntary movement

Smooth: Involuntary & found in walls of hollow internal organs & blood vessels

Cardiac: Only found in the heart

Question 22

Describe the tissues in the liver

Answer 22

Mostly epithelia

Question 23

Describe the tissues in the brain

Answer 23

Mostly nervous tissue
- Endothelial cells lining blood vessels containing blood

Question 24

Describe the tissues in the oseophagus of gut

Answer 24

Stratified squamous epithelium lining the lumen
- Soft connective tissue in lamina properia
- Nervous tissue controlling muscle movement

Question 25

Define systems

Answer 25

Comprises at least 2 organs that work together to perform a specialised function

11 systems in humans