L14: 3D printing a human being

Question 1

What is 3D printing?

Answer 1

Builds up a 3D object one layer at a time

Question 2

What material is commonly used in 3D printing for hard objects?

Answer 2

PLA (Polylactic Acid)

Question 3

What is the purpose of the slicing process in 3D printing?

Answer 3

To prepare the 3D model for printing by creating layers

Question 4

How might regulatory frameworks evolve to address the challenges posed by bioprinting technologies?

Answer 4

Establishing safety and efficacy standards
Creating guidelines for bioink materials
Implementing protocols for patient-specific applications
Ensuring ethical considerations in tissue engineering
Adapting to technological advancements and clinical outcomes

Question 5

Which type of 3D printing allows for the use of living cells?

Answer 5

3D Bioprinting

Question 6

What is one benefit of using 3D printed cardiac models in surgical planning?

Answer 6

Enhanced surgical precision through improved anatomical visualization

Question 7

What are anthropomorphic phantoms used for in medical research?

Answer 7

For in vitro models for disease modeling

Question 8

What is another name for 3D printing?

Answer 8

Additive manufacturing

Question 9

What ethical considerations are associated with bioprinting tissues and organs?

Answer 9

Informed consent and the commodification of human tissues

Question 10

Describe the basic principles of 3D printing technology.

Answer 10

Pre-processing: Create 3D models from imaging (CT, MRI)
Processing: Slice models for printing
Bioink preparation: Mix cells with materials
Printing: Use a bioprinter to layer bioink
Post-processing: Mature tissues in a bioreactor for use in applications.

Question 11

What does bioprinting involve?

Answer 11

Creating tissue or organ structures using living cells and 3D printing technology

Question 12

Which type of 3D printer uses Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)?

Answer 12

FDM printer

Question 13

How can 3D printing reduce the need for animal experiments?

Answer 13

3D printing can create in vitro models for disease modeling and drug testing

Question 14

Discuss the role of 3D printing in healthcare applications.

Answer 14

3D printing in healthcare plays a key role by:

Creating patient-specific models for surgery
Producing custom implants and prosthetics
Developing tissue and organ models for research
Enabling drug testing and disease modeling
Enhancing bioprinting for tissue engineering and regeneration

Question 15

Three 3D printer types

Answer 15

1) Material Extrusion
2) VAT Polymerisation
3) Powder Bed Fusion

Question 16

Four 3D printer specifications

Answer 16

1) Materials
2) Layer thickness (100 microns)
3) In-plane resolutions (100 microns)
4) Speed (10 mins to days)

Question 17

What does 3D bioprinting involve the use of?

Answer 17

Living components to print tissues & organs

Question 18

3 bioprinting techniques

Answer 18

1) Scaffold-based bioprinting
2) Bioink printing
3) Hybrid printing

Question 19

WHat is scaffold-based bioprinting?

Answer 19

Cells are seeded onto biodegradable 3D scaffolds

Question 20

What is bioink printing?

Answer 20

Living cells are directly printed into structures

Question 21

What is hybrid printing?

Answer 21

Combinations of cells + scaffold