L3: Genes & Development Flashcards
Learning Outcomes: - Understand how diversity in cell types occurs - Explain how cell layers become tissue and organs - Be able to name some derivatives of the germ layers - Understand that there is a hierarchy of developmental decisions - Discuss how genes regulate development including the use of model organisms Understand the role of Pax6 in eye development
Define a zygote?
Fertilised egg that results from egg + sperm together
What does multicellular organisms develop from?
Zygote
Define blastocyst
Cluster of dividing cells made by a fertilised egg
What happens during embryogenesis?
Fertilised egg develops into an embryo
Define cell proliferation
Increasing number of cells
Define cell differentiation
Cells become more complex
What is in situ hybridisation?
A staining method that reveals all cells in which a certain gene is active
What is FGF10 gene required for?
Limb Development
What are fibroblast growth factors?
Strong regulators of cell proliferation & differentiation
Stages from fertilisation to gastrulation
Fertilization
Cleavage
Blastula
Gastrulation
What are blastulas?
Hollow sphere of cells produced during the development of embryo by repeated cleavage of a fertilised egg
What happens during cleavage?
Mitotic divisions where volumes of egg cytoplasm is divided into smaller cells
When does germ layers form?
During gastrulation
Why is gastrulation important for germ layers?
Ensure the development of the embryo
Name 3 germ layers
- Ectoderm
- Mesoderm
- Endoderm
