L5.5 & 5.6 Definitions Flashcards
Gene
Gene: Gene is a unit of heredity that is located in a specific place on the chromosome(loci). Genes code for specific proteins and then give you the trait
Heredity
Heredity: Heredity is the passing of Genes from parents to offspring.
Homologous
Homologous: paired chromosomes (1 from mom, 1 from dad)
Alleles
Alleles: 2 variants of each gene
Homozygous
Homozygous: coding for the same trait
Heterozygous
Heterozygous: coding for different traits
Locus/loci
Locus/loci: the specific location of a gene on the chromosome
Human genome
Human genome: All of the human chromosomes and genes
Human genome project
Human genome project: The human genome has been mapped. As a result of the mapping of the human genome, during what is known as the human genome project (HGP) we now know there are approximately 20,500 human genes.
Inheritable diseases
Inheritable diseases: diseases associated with genes
Phenotype
Phenotype: what is seen/visible physically
Genotype
Genotype: we cannot see it physically
Karyotype banding
Karyotype banding: The genes appear layered on our chromosomes in a very specific way - like a road map.
Acquired trait
Acquired trait: what you learn after you are born
Inherited trait
Inherited trait: the trait that you get inherited from your parents
Punnet square
Punnet square: A punnet square illustrates how the parents alleles might combine in offspring.
Ratio
Ratio: A ratio compares, or shows the relationship between, two quantities
Probability
Probability: Probability is the likelihood, or chance, of a specific outcome in relation to the total number of specific outcomes.
Percentage
Percentage: a percentage is a ratio that compares a number to 100
The punnet square has the ___, _______ and the ______
The punnet square has the key, genotype and the phenotype
