L5 : MPA for mobile species, bottlenose dolphins

Question 1

Direct physical disturbance
[threats to coastal marine mammals]

Answer 1

• fisheries by catch
• shipping and recreational boats
• ecotourism
• underwater noise pollution

Question 2

indirect physical disturbance
[threats to coastal marine mammals]

Answer 2

• toxins and bio-accumulation
• organic pollution
• food web changes
• climate change

Question 3

mechanisms of conservation
Legislation includes :

Answer 3

• national state law
• international treaties and ABNJ
• European directives

Question 4

ABNJ

Answer 4

Marine Areas Beyond National Jurisdiction
~ high seas

Question 5

Irish Whale and Dolphin Sanctuary

Answer 5

• designated in 1995 when Ireland hosted the international whaling commission
• only has legal status under existing laws
• no monitoring

Question 6

EU habitats directive

Answer 6

create a network of MPA for threatened flora and fauns (Natura 2000) EU response to the Bern convention
- member states required to establish SAC
- condition monitoring with 6-year reporting schedule (Article 17)

Question 7

PVA

Answer 7

population viability analysis

Question 8

ICES

Answer 8

international council for the exploration of the Sea

Question 9

CWT

Answer 9

cornwall wildlife trust

Question 10

Allee effect

Answer 10

The component Allee effect is the positive relationship between any measurable component of individual fitness and population density