L5 - motor systems

Question 1

components of the motor system

Answer 1

• cerebral cortex for voluntary movement- coordinates motor cortex and the sensory input
• descending motor pathways - has lateral and ventromedial pathways down the
  spinal cord
  -spinal cord - has motor neurons, sensory input and coordinates local refflexes

Question 2

types of movement

Answer 2

reflex - protective
rhythimic motor patterns - combo of reflex and voluntary (chewing, walking )
- volunatry

Question 3

one type of motor neuron in the spinal cord

Answer 3

lower alpha motor neurons

- they alone can control msucle contraction

Question 4

spinal motorneuron actvitty is governed by what inputs

Answer 4

• sensory input - vis dorval root
• spinal interneurons for rhythimic movements
• upper motor neurons for initiation and control of voluntary movement

Question 5

what can spinal cord circuits do

Answer 5

• they can coordinate the movements without the infleuces from the higher centres

Question 6

what part of the msuculature is responsible for fine motor movement and what are they innervated by

Answer 6

• distal like hands, feet, legs

- innervated by lateral motor neurons

Question 7

what input does the upper motor neurons need

Answer 7

from the brain

Question 8

what part of the msuculature is responsible for posture movement and what are they innervated by

Answer 8

proximal - elbow, knees
axial - trunk muscles

• innervated by the medial motorneurons

Question 9

pathways for distal muscles for fine motoro movement

Answer 9

lateral

Question 10

pathway for proximal msucles for posture

Answer 10

ventromedial pathways

Question 11

tracts in the lateral pathways

Answer 11

corticospinal and rubrospinal tracts

Question 12

line for the corticospinal tract

Answer 12

from the cortex to the lateral spinal motor neurons

Question 13

-location of the cell bodies of the motor neurons in the corticospinal

Answer 13

in the brain in

motor cortex (area 4 and 6)

Question 14

projection line for rubrospinal

Question 15

tracts of the ventromedial pathways and the origin of them

Answer 15

• pontine reticulo spinal
• meduallary reticulo spinal

vestibulo spinal
tecto spinal

• viewed as 2 pairs
• modulates spinal reflexes and maintain body body balance

Question 16

function of pointine reticulo spinal tract

Answer 16

• facilitates the leg extensors to maintain the standing psoture
• enchanes the anti gravity reflexes to stand upright

Question 17

function of medullary reiculto spinal tract

Answer 17

fress antigravity muscles from the reflex control

Question 18

function of vestibulo psinal tract

Answer 18

• relays gravity info

Question 19

function of tectspinal tract

Answer 19

relays sensory info from the retina and the visual cortex

Question 20

what cortex is involved regarding the control of the vol movemnt

Answer 20

neocortex

Question 21

motors areas in the brain

Answer 21

area 6 - supplementary motor area and premotor area

and 4 - primary motor cortex

Question 22

function of primary motor cortex

Answer 22

control of distal musculature

Question 23

function of premotoro coretx

Answer 23

control of proximal musculature, movement seq

-preparation for movement and initation