L5 Immunological Tolerance and Autoimmunity: self-nonself Flashcards
Immunological tolerance
what is it?
should their be auto-reactivity?
Central and peripheral tolerance
what are they?
Central T cell Tolerance
What are the outcomes of recognition of self Ags?
how does the thymus test peripheral self Ags?
Central tolerance
where does it take place?
explain the graph for affinity and selection?
what cells are normally produced?
what cell can be produced?
what do these cells express?
Mechanism of peripheral T cell tolerance?
Normal interaction?
tolerance interaction?
Mechanism of anergy
what causes it?
what specific receptors can cause it?
therapeutic use?
what is the major component of survival of Treg Cells?
Where do Treg cells develop?
positively selected for what?
Wkhat cytokines do they need?
what receptor do they heavily express?
what is vital in Treg function?
long-lived or short lived?
Prevent what?
Different types of Treg cells?
what makes them different?
Induced Treg cells
where do they differentiate?
What is similar in development?
what causes the differentiation into Treg instead of other cell?
Treg cells in peripheral tolerance?
what do they do?
How Treg cells work?
Basic mechanisms of Treg Cells
different effefcts of Treg cells (what cells does it effect and how)
self or non self recognition?
in metabolic disruption via Treg cells what receptor plays a role? what does it bind?
high affinity CD25 (IL-2 receptor-alpha) dependent cytokine deprivation
Apoptosis of mature lymphocytes?
Normal interaction?
cell death caused by what?
for bottom picture if no infection then both undergo apoptosis if they bind eachother
The two pathways for deletion of self-reactive lymphocytes by apoptosis?
Central B cell tolerance
how does it happen?
BCR editing
Peripheral B cell tolerance
what is it?
what normally will inhibit BCR signalling?
defects in what can cause autoimmunity?
mechanisms of Autoimmunity?
what can cause persistence of self-reactive T and B lymphocytes?
What other stimulus can cause it?
mutations breaking self tolerance?
What causes the breaking of central tolerance?
Mutations that break the peripheral tolerance?
Regulation of T cell responses by inhibitory receptors (short simple)
CTLA-4 role in peripheral tolerance?
what is activation by?
what is CTLA-4
CTLA-4
In mice?
what diseases asscociated with CTLA-4 polymorphisms?
Two important properties?
CTLA-4 action
how CTLA-4 causes inhibitory signal?
CTLA-4 in peripheral tolerance
What can happen with a lack of CTLA-4 how would it be treated?
What about CTLA-4 antibodies?
Autoimmunity
How many affected?
how many types?
cures?
treatment?
Difference in structure of self and non self Ags?
immune response against self Ags manifested as?
caussed by?
How autoimmunity is prevented?
different ways?
features of autoimmune disorders?
systemic or organ specific?
type of disease?
underlying cause of all autoimmune diseases?
Genetics of autoimmunity?
strongest association with what genes?
what else plays a role?
genes and environment flow chart
Environmental triggers?
how?
Noninfectious triggers?
more common in who?
what can exacerbate?
two other causes?
