L5 Immunological Tolerance and Autoimmunity: self-nonself

Question 1

Immunological tolerance

what is it?

should their be auto-reactivity?

Answer 1

Question 2

Central and peripheral tolerance

what are they?

Answer 2

Question 3

Answer 3

Question 4

Central T cell Tolerance

What are the outcomes of recognition of self Ags?

how does the thymus test peripheral self Ags?

Answer 4

Question 5

Central tolerance

where does it take place?

explain the graph for affinity and selection?

what cells are normally produced?

what cell can be produced?

what do these cells express?

Answer 5

Question 6

Mechanism of peripheral T cell tolerance?

Normal interaction?

tolerance interaction?

Answer 6

Question 7

Mechanism of anergy

what causes it?

what specific receptors can cause it?

therapeutic use?

Answer 7

Question 8

Answer 8

Question 9

what is the major component of survival of Treg Cells?

Answer 9

Question 10

Where do Treg cells develop?

positively selected for what?

Wkhat cytokines do they need?

what receptor do they heavily express?

what is vital in Treg function?

long-lived or short lived?

Prevent what?

Answer 10

Question 11

Different types of Treg cells?

what makes them different?

Answer 11

Question 12

Induced Treg cells

where do they differentiate?

What is similar in development?

what causes the differentiation into Treg instead of other cell?

Answer 12

Question 13

Treg cells in peripheral tolerance?

what do they do?

Answer 13

Question 14

How Treg cells work?

Answer 14

Question 15

Basic mechanisms of Treg Cells

different effefcts of Treg cells (what cells does it effect and how)

self or non self recognition?

Answer 15

Question 16

in metabolic disruption via Treg cells what receptor plays a role? what does it bind?

Answer 16

high affinity CD25 (IL-2 receptor-alpha) dependent cytokine deprivation

Question 17

Apoptosis of mature lymphocytes?

Normal interaction?

cell death caused by what?

Answer 17

for bottom picture if no infection then both undergo apoptosis if they bind eachother

Question 18

The two pathways for deletion of self-reactive lymphocytes by apoptosis?

Answer 18

Question 19

Central B cell tolerance

how does it happen?

Answer 19

Question 20

BCR editing

Answer 20

Question 21

Peripheral B cell tolerance

what is it?

what normally will inhibit BCR signalling?

defects in what can cause autoimmunity?

Answer 21

Question 22

mechanisms of Autoimmunity?

what can cause persistence of self-reactive T and B lymphocytes?

What other stimulus can cause it?

Answer 22

Question 23

mutations breaking self tolerance?

Answer 23

Question 24

What causes the breaking of central tolerance?

Answer 24

Question 25

Mutations that break the peripheral tolerance?

Answer 25

Question 26

Regulation of T cell responses by inhibitory receptors (short simple)

Answer 26

Question 27

CTLA-4 role in peripheral tolerance? what is activation by? what is CTLA-4

Answer 27

Question 28

CTLA-4 In mice? what diseases asscociated with CTLA-4 polymorphisms? Two important properties?

Answer 28

Question 29

CTLA-4 action how CTLA-4 causes inhibitory signal?

Answer 29

Question 30

CTLA-4 in peripheral tolerance What can happen with a lack of CTLA-4 how would it be treated? What about CTLA-4 antibodies?

Answer 30

Question 31

Autoimmunity How many affected? how many types? cures? treatment?

Answer 31

Question 32

Difference in structure of self and non self Ags? immune response against self Ags manifested as? caussed by?

Answer 32

Question 33

How autoimmunity is prevented? different ways?

Answer 33

Question 34

features of autoimmune disorders? systemic or organ specific? type of disease? underlying cause of all autoimmune diseases?

Answer 34

Question 35

Genetics of autoimmunity? strongest association with what genes? what else plays a role?

Answer 35

Question 36

genes and environment flow chart

Answer 36

Question 37

Environmental triggers? how?

Answer 37

Question 38

Noninfectious triggers? more common in who? what can exacerbate? two other causes?

Answer 38