L5 Flashcards
What is plasma?
liquid medium of blood that doesn’t contain cells such as platelets
how much of the blood is made of plasma ?
55-60%
how is plasma separated from the blood?
blood is collected in a tube and anticoagulants are added prevent clotting . this tube is then put in a centrifuge . this separates the plasma from the cells which remain at the bottom.
what is serum?
it is the liquid portion of clotted blood.
how is serum collected ?
blood is collected in plain empty tubes without the addition of anticoagulants and is allowed to clot naturally.. the clotting agents in blood are depleted in this process( fibrinogen ) . the blood is then centrifuged and the liquid portion on top is the serum.
what is the main difference between plasma and serum?
absence of fibrinogen in serum
where are plasma proteins synthesized?
generally in the liver with the exception of gamma globulins
how are plasma protein first formed ? (initial structure?
many are synthesized as pre-proteins which means they are bigger proteins which are broken into smaller proteins before releasing into blood.
what are glycoproteins and what would be an example of such a protein?
glycoproteins have carbohydrates attached to them and most plasma proteins are glycoproteins .
how are plasma proteins related to diseases?
plasma proteins increase or decrease when a disease is present or as a response to inflammation .
what are the 2 categories of plasma proteins?
Albumin (one protein that is more prevalent in concentration in plasma ).
globulins ( which is actually a group of proteins
what are some of the major functions of plasma proteins ?
transport
maintaining osmotic pressure
clotting
defense
inflammation
what is electrophoresis ?
analytical technique used for the separation of plasma r serum proteins .
protein seperation is based on ____ in electrophoresis
charge on them in an electric field .
(each protein has a specific charge which is dependent on the amino acid composition
which proteins move faster in electrophoresis ?
proteins with more negative charge move faster than those with less negative charge towards the anode
in electrophoresis , what are the 5 distinct bands plasma protein separate into ?
albumin alpha 1 globulins alpha 2 globulins beta globulins and y (gamma)globulins
human album consists of a single polypeptide chain of __amino acids and ____. it also has the half life of ____
585
17 disulfide bonds
20 days
describe albumins osmotic function
due to its high concentration and low molecular weight , albumin contributes to 75-80% of the total plasma osmotic pressure.
it maintains blood volume and blood fluid distribution.
what would a decrease in albumin level cause , in regards to osmotic pressure ?
osmotic pressure would fall , leading to edema (excess water in extravascular space)
how does albumin assist in transport ?
plasma albumin binds to several biochemically important compounds and transports them in the circulation . these include free fatty acids , steroid hormones , calcium , copper , and bilirubin
what is the nutritive function of albumin ?
it serves as a source of amino acids for tissue protein synthesis.
particularly in nutritional deprivation of amino acids
what is the buffering function of albumin ?
among the proteins , albumin has the maximum buffering capacity .
what plasma protein show non specific increase in inflammation ?
alpha 1 and 2 globulins 9acute phase proteins)
