L2

Question 1

what are amino acids?

Answer 1

building blocks of protein

Question 2

how many amino acids are associated with protein synthesis

Answer 2

there are 20 different types of alpha amino acids in our body that are associated with protein synthesis but other amino acids do exists

Question 3

what are the 4 groups attached to carbon molecules in amino acids?

Answer 3

COOH(carboxylic ) group

NH2 (Amino ) group

H (hydrogen)

and R(side chain )

Question 4

in what form do amino acids exist in the body?

Answer 4

they exist in the ionized form ( COO- And NH3+)

Question 5

what is the only thing that changes from 1 amino acid to another

Answer 5

the side chain

Question 6

what type of amino acids exists in the body?

Answer 6

alpha amino acid

Question 7

what does alpha amino acid mean?

Answer 7

it means that both amino and carboxylic group are attached to the same carbon molecule .

Question 8

what could be present in the amino acid side chain?

Answer 8

C and H

Extra carboxylic or amino group

sulfer

hydroxyl group

Question 9

what makes an amino acid hydrophilic or hydrophobic?

Answer 9

the normal charge of an amino acid is 0. if the net charge stays at 0 then it will be hydrophobic . but if the amino acid contains an extra amino or carboxylic group in its side chain the net charge will no longer be 0 making it hydrophilic . if the amino acid contains OH or SH it will also be hydrophilic because of the partial charges present in those molecules .

Question 10

why are some amino acids labeled as essential while others are not?

Answer 10

the human body can synthesize 10 of the 20 amino acids . the other 10 need to be provided through the persons diet . this is why we call them essential . the amino acids that can be synthesized by the body are called none essential amino acids

Question 11

what are semi essential amino acids?

Answer 11

amino acids that are only essential for growing children but not adults .

Question 12

what are the 3 possible metabollic fates for amino acids?

Answer 12

1. )glycogenic : amino acid is converted too glucose through metabolic reactions .(all amino acids except leucine
2. ) ketogenic : amino acid is converted in acetyl CoA and finally into fat or ketone (lecine(
3. ) both glycogenic and ketogenic : are converted to both acetyl CoA and glucose
   ex: Ile , Trp, Tyr

Question 13

what are amino acids soluble in , usually.

Answer 13

most amino acids are usually soluble in water and insoluble in organic solvents .

Question 14

how are neurotransmitters , non essential amino acids , glycosylated protein formation , disulfide bridge formation all made?

Answer 14

carboxyl , amino and functional groups undergo various chemical reactions to produce biologically important compounds such as those listed in the question

Question 15

what are some examples of non standard amino acids that have the basic structure of amino acids but do not exist in proteins.

Answer 15

beta alanine

taurine

ornithine

citrulline

Question 16

none standard amino acids (D amino acids)are not found in proteins but they are present in:

Answer 16

bacteria , anti biotics , brain tissue of animals

Question 17

what are derived proteins?

Answer 17

proteins formed by the modification of standard amino acid (found in proteins). proteins that are modified once they become part of the protein

Question 18

what are beta amino acids?

Answer 18

amino acids with carboxylic group and amino group on different carbon molecules but they are still close . delta or gamma amino acids have carboxylic groups and amino groups that are far away from teach other

Question 19

what is the difference between L amino acids and D amino acids? and which of them is present in the human body?

Answer 19

L amino acids have the amino group on the left hand side while D amino acids have them on the right hand side .Only L-Alpha amino acids are involved in protein synthesis .