L4 Neural Tissues Flashcards
Afferent neurons
Transmits sensory information to brain/spinal cord
Efferent neurons
Motor neurons transmitting information from brain to effector organs
Give an example of a sensory ganglion
Dorsal root ganglion
What is a motor ganglion
Parasympathetic ganglion
Describe the cells of the motor ganglion
Smaller neurons on the side of the cell with eccentric nuclei
Describe the cells of sensory ganglion
Big neurons, central nuclei
What is broadmann area 4
Primary motor cortex
What is broadmann area 17
Primary visual cortex
Name 4 ways in which glia cells differ from neurons
Glia have no action potentials, do not form synapses, are able to divide and form the myelin sheath
Define rostral
Up/beak
Role of oligodendrocytes
Production/maintenance of myelin sheath
One oligodendrocyte myelinates multiple axons
Role of astrocytes
Neuronal development/growth
Describe Microglia
Glial cells of the CNS
Function:
- Immune cells
- Engulfs microbes, debris
Develop from monocytes, of mesodermal origin
Describe ependymal cells
Lines brain’s ventricles and central canal of spinal cord
From CSF
What is a glioma?
Primary tumour derived from glial cells
Inside cranium
Malignant
Difficult to remove completely with surgery
What is a neuroblastoma?
Tumour outside cranium derived from neural crest cells from SNS
Often raised catecholamine levee
Outline glial classifications
CNS- astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, ependymal, microglial cells
PNS- schwann cells, satellite cells
CNS vs PNS
CNS= Brain and spinal cord
- Receives and processes information
- Controls reflexes and behaviour.
PNS- Cranial and spinal nerves.
- Sensory detection
- Motor activation
What are Broadmann areas?
52 regions of the cortex are numbered
- Boundaries determined by cellular structure and function.
- Each area has specific inputs and outputs
