L13 How Drugs Control The Brain

Question 1

GABA A receptor

Answer 1

Ionotropic receptors
ligand gated cl- channel
Fast IPSP

2 sites for GABA to bind

Question 2

GABA b receptors

Answer 2

Metabotropic receptor
GPCR
opens K+ channel, closes Ca2+ channel
Slow IPSPs

Question 3

Name a GABAa agonist

Answer 3

Muscimol

Question 4

Name a GABA a anatagonist

Answer 4

Bicuculline

Question 5

How do barbiturates work

Answer 5

Increase duration of channel openings

Question 6

Name a GABA b receptor agonist

Answer 6

Baclofen

Used as a muscle relaxant to reduce spasticity

Question 7

What does PCP bind to

Answer 7

NMDA receptors

Question 8

GABA IS AN EXCITATORY NEUROTRANSMITTER DURING DEVELOPMENT T/F

Answer 8

T

Question 9

DA does not act through ionotropic receptors T/F

Answer 9

T

Question 10

Prozac is an example of what

Answer 10

SSRI

Question 11

What 2 drugs affect the serotonertgic receptor

Answer 11

SSRI

MDMA

Question 12

Name 3 indirect agonists of GABA a receptor

Answer 12

Alcohol

Benzodiazepine

Alcohol

Question 13

Benzodiazepines

• MOA
• effects
• examples

Answer 13

acts on alpha subunit of GABA(A) receptor

Indirect agonist - benzodiazepine binds to a subunit, changes conformation of the receptor so GABA activation of receptor is more effective.

reduce anxiety, convulsions
,cause sedation, relax muscles, cause amnesia

Example- diazepam(Valium)

Question 14

Baclofen

Answer 14

Agonist of GABA b

used as muscle relaxant to reduce spasticty (e.g in HD)

Question 15

What does the striatum consist of?

Answer 15

caudate

putamen

Question 16

In terms of DA, how do HD and PD differ?

Answer 16

PD - destruction of DA projections from SN to basal ganglia

HD- destruction of DA target neurons in striatum

Question 17

How does addiction occur?

Answer 17

drugs of abuse lead to enhanced DA release in the NAcc

Question 18

Name 2 psychomotor stimulants

Answer 18

Cocaine and Amphetamine

Question 19

Typical antipsychotics

Answer 19

haloperidol, chlorpromazine

DA receptor antagonist
action in mesocortical system
side effects: extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 20

Atypical antipsychotics

Answer 20

Clozapine
D4 receptor antagonist
no EPS

Question 21

Serotonin

Answer 21

function in mood, sleep
can be ionotropic/metabotropic 

M- 5-HT1A (Gi)
I- 5HT-3: opens channel that fluxes Na+, K+, Ca2+ (excitatory)

Question 22

MDMA- ecstasy

Answer 22

causes serotonin (and norepinephrine) transporters to run in reverse

increased release of serotonin and blocked reuptake

Question 23

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 23

Loss of cholinergic neurons in the basal ganglia - possibly underlies deficits in memory associated with the disease.

Question 24

What are the 2 types of ACh receptors?

Answer 24

• Muscarinic (metabotropic)

- Nicotinic (ionotropic)

Question 25

Name a Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor used in the Treatment for Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 25

physostigmine

Question 26

Name a Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor used in the Treatment for Myasthenia gravis

Answer 26

neostigmine

this autoimmune- destroys cholinergic receptors