L4: Lipids

Question 1

What are lipids made of?

Answer 1

C, H, and O

Question 2

What functional groups are involved in lipids

Answer 2

Fewer hydroxyl and carboxyl groups

Question 3

What is the polarity of lipids and how does it react with water

Answer 3

Less molar meaning it is hyrophobic

Question 4

What type of energy does lipids produce?

Answer 4

Energy rich, long term energy source

Question 5

What are the four basic types of lipids?

Answer 5

1. Triglycerides (fats)
2. Phospholipids
   3.Steriods
3. Waxes

Question 6

Explain the use of triglycerides

Answer 6

• Helps protect and cushion organs

Question 7

What type of energy do trigylcerides produce?

Answer 7

• Long term energy storage
• Twice the energy per gram than carbohydrates

Question 8

Explain the structure of triglycerides

Answer 8

• Contain many energy containing carbon-hydrogren bonds
• Composed of one glyceral molec bonded with three fatty acid molecles

Question 9

How does the structure of saturated fatty acids vs unsaturated fatty acids change?

Answer 9

Saturdated fatty acids: vary in length, do not bond
Unsaturated fatty acids: 3 carbon bonds then a double bond with an O and single bond with an OH creating a bent shape
* Both types of fatty acids have C double bonded to O and single bonded to OH

Question 10

What does glyceral + fatty acides produce?

Answer 10

Triglycerides through an ester linkage with the O and one water moledule resulting from each tryglycerides

Question 11

Explain the structure of fatty acids

Answer 11

• Long hydrocarbon chain with carboxyl group (COOH)
• Longer the chain the less soluable it is

Question 12

Structure of staurated fatty acids

Answer 12

• Double/ tripple bonds
• All carbons are saturated with hydrogens
• Straight chains
• Tend to be solid at room temp
• Usually come from animal sources

Question 13

Structure of unsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 13

• One or more double bodns
• Carbons are not saturated with hydrogen
• Liquid at room temp
• Usually plant based
• Oils

Question 14

What are cis vs trans unsaturated fatty acids

Answer 14

Cis: naturally occuring, bukly liquid at room temp
Trans: not naturally occuring, partially hydorgenated, linear and can be solid

Question 15

What are monounsaturated vs polyunsaturated fatty acids?

Answer 15

Monounsaturated: fat molec with one double bond
Polyunsaturated: fat molec with multiple double bonds

Question 16

Examples and health impacts of saturated fatty acids

Answer 16

Examples: beef, butter, coconut oil
Health impacts: increase risk of heart disease

Question 17

Examples and health impacts of trans fatty acids

Answer 17

Example: margerine, cream soup or puff pastry, chicken pie
Health impact: increase risk of heart disease

Question 18

Examples and health impacts of monounsaturated fats?

Answer 18

Examples: olive oil, coconut oil, peanut oil
Health impacts May reduce risk of heart disease

Question 19

Examples and health impacts of polyunsaturated fats?

Answer 19

Example: soybean oil, corn oil, fatty fish
Health impactL May reduse risk of heart disease