L0: Chemisty of Life Flashcards
Weight, charge, symbol, and location of protons.
Weight: Heavy
Charge: +1
Symbol: p+
Location: inside nucleas
Weight, charge, symbol, and location of neutrons.
Weight: Heavy
Charge: 0
Symbol: n0
Location: inside nucleas
Weight, charge, symbol, and location of electrons.
Weight: 2000x lighter than p+/n0
Charge: -1
Symbol: e-
Location: orbitals
What do mass #’s and atomic #’s represent, and where are they found?
Mass # is mass of atom, found above the element symbol. Atomic # is the identiy of the atom, found bellow the element symbol.
What can be learned from mass # and atomic #?
Atomic # shows the number of protons in an element - # of neutrons will be the same if the element is balanced as they are on the pt. # of n0 can be found by subtracting atomic # from mass #.
How many electrons can fit on each ring of the bohr rutherofrd diagram?
1st ring - Max 2 e-
2nd/3rd ring - Max 8 e-
4rth ring - Max 18 e-
Which elements make up 98% of the mass of all living things?
H, C, N, O, P, and S (P and S in smaller amounts)
What Trace Minerals are in the body?
Na - From diet
Mg - Found in small amount
K - Used in nevre signals
Ca ( less than 2% of minerals - used to make strong bones)
Fe - In blood
Others: Zn, Cu, Co, Mn
What is air made of?
20 - 21% O2 (human body absorbs)
78% N2 (body doesn’t absorb - N in body comes from DNA/RNA)
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same type of elements with different atomic masses. Same # of p+/e-, but different # of n0.
What is Carbon 14 used for?
To determine the age of fossils. Breaks down in a specific way, practice called “carbon dating” used.
What are ions? Describe cations and anions.
Atoms that gain or loose electrons - typically to have a stable octet.
Cations - have lost e- (s), have + charge
Anions - have gained e- (s), have - charge
Explain ionic bonding
Ionic compoutns form repeating units called Formula Units (FU). In ionic bonds, atoms with higher EN “steal” e- from atoms with weaker EN to form a stable octet - this produces charged ions due to electron gain/loss. Ionic bonding takes place between metals and non-metals.
Explain covalent bonding.
Covalent bonding forms distinct units called molectules. Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between 2+ atoms in the form or a single, double, or tripple bond. Covalent bodning includes a physical bond between two non-metals and can have equal or unequal sharing.
What are Non-Polar Covalent Bonds?
The sharing of electrons between atoms with equal EN. E- spend equal amount of distance from each atom. Ex CH4.
