L0: Chemisty of Life Flashcards
Weight, charge, symbol, and location of protons.
Weight: Heavy
Charge: +1
Symbol: p+
Location: inside nucleas
Weight, charge, symbol, and location of neutrons.
Weight: Heavy
Charge: 0
Symbol: n0
Location: inside nucleas
Weight, charge, symbol, and location of electrons.
Weight: 2000x lighter than p+/n0
Charge: -1
Symbol: e-
Location: orbitals
What do mass #’s and atomic #’s represent, and where are they found?
Mass # is mass of atom, found above the element symbol. Atomic # is the identiy of the atom, found bellow the element symbol.
What can be learned from mass # and atomic #?
Atomic # shows the number of protons in an element - # of neutrons will be the same if the element is balanced as they are on the pt. # of n0 can be found by subtracting atomic # from mass #.
How many electrons can fit on each ring of the bohr rutherofrd diagram?
1st ring - Max 2 e-
2nd/3rd ring - Max 8 e-
4rth ring - Max 18 e-
Which elements make up 98% of the mass of all living things?
H, C, N, O, P, and S (P and S in smaller amounts)
What Trace Minerals are in the body?
Na - From diet
Mg - Found in small amount
K - Used in nevre signals
Ca ( less than 2% of minerals - used to make strong bones)
Fe - In blood
Others: Zn, Cu, Co, Mn
What is air made of?
20 - 21% O2 (human body absorbs)
78% N2 (body doesn’t absorb - N in body comes from DNA/RNA)
What is an isotope?
Atoms of the same type of elements with different atomic masses. Same # of p+/e-, but different # of n0.
What is Carbon 14 used for?
To determine the age of fossils. Breaks down in a specific way, practice called “carbon dating” used.
What are ions? Describe cations and anions.
Atoms that gain or loose electrons - typically to have a stable octet.
Cations - have lost e- (s), have + charge
Anions - have gained e- (s), have - charge
Explain ionic bonding
Ionic compoutns form repeating units called Formula Units (FU). In ionic bonds, atoms with higher EN “steal” e- from atoms with weaker EN to form a stable octet - this produces charged ions due to electron gain/loss. Ionic bonding takes place between metals and non-metals.
Explain covalent bonding.
Covalent bonding forms distinct units called molectules. Covalent bonding is the sharing of electrons between 2+ atoms in the form or a single, double, or tripple bond. Covalent bodning includes a physical bond between two non-metals and can have equal or unequal sharing.
What are Non-Polar Covalent Bonds?
The sharing of electrons between atoms with equal EN. E- spend equal amount of distance from each atom. Ex CH4.
What are Polar Covalent Bonds?
The unequal sharing of e- between two atoms. Creates partial +/- charges on molecules called dipoles.
What does the “staircase” on the pt divide.
Metals (left of staircase) and nonmetals (right).
What is electronegitivity (EN)?
The ability of an atom to attract electrons in a bond. The nature of a bond is based on differences of electronegitivity.
What does EN make?
Energy molecules called ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) - body makes billions of ATP every minute.
What is organic chemistry?
The chemistry of life - based on carbons ability to form a variety of structures.
What are the prefix’s that go with the # of C, 1-10.
1C = Meth-
2C = eth-
3C = prop-
4C = but-
5C = pent-
6C = hex-
7C = hept-
8C = oct-
9C = non-
10C = dec-
What are isomers?
Molecules of the same formular with differnet structures. Ex. Pentane (C5H12) and 2-methylbutane (C5H12) (google to see, I cant add pics)
What are the four types of chemical reactions and what do they do?
1) Dehydration (condensation) - removal of water to join reactents
2) Hydrolysis - water “splits” to larger molec
3) Neutralization - acid+base create water and salt
4) Redox - electrons transfered
