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bio 12: unit one > L3: Carbohydrates > Flashcards

L3: Carbohydrates Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is the formula for carbohydrates?

A

(CH2O)n

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2
Q

What group do carbohydrates contain

A

Hydroxyl groups (making them polar)

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3
Q

What type of energy do carbohydrates produce?

A

Easily accessible energy

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4
Q

What are carbrohydrates made of?

A

Monosaccharides monomers bonded together covalenty with glycosidic linkage

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5
Q

What is a monosaccharide?

A

Class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give simplier sugar

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6
Q

What are monomers?

A

Molecule that can be bonded with other identical molecule to form a polymer

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7
Q

Most common types of monosaccharides

A

1) Triose (eg. glyeraldehyde)
2) Pentose (eg. ribose, deoxyribose)
3) Hexose (eg. glucose, fructose)

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8
Q

What are the three types of glucose?

A

1) Dry glucose
2) Alpha glucose
3) Beta glucose

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9
Q

What happens when carbonyl interacts with hydroxyl

A

A ring is formed

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10
Q

What is formed when two monosaccarides are bonded together?

A

A disaccharide is made

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11
Q

What do different geometic isomers make?

A

Different disaccharides

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12
Q

What do many monosaccuride bonds cause?

A

Polysaccurides

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13
Q

How does glucose change with geometric isomers?

A

The structure of glucose will only differ in C1

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14
Q

Explain the difference of alpha glucose vs beta glucose

A

Alpha: 1st OH group oppisate to C6 (‘down’)
Beta: 1st OH group came side as C6 (‘up”)

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15
Q

What are sources of alpha glucose?

A

Glycogen: short term animal energy souce, many branches (fast to break down)
Starch: short term plant energy source, fewer branches (slower to break down)

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16
Q

What are sources of beta glucose?

A

Cellulose: Plant structure, long straight chains, hydrogen bonded to eachother

17
Q

Whats the structure of alpha linkages vs beta linkages

A

Alpha linkages: bulkier (helical) sturcture
Beta linkages: flat structure

18
Q

What are properties of glycogen?

A
  • Branches around every 10 residues
  • 1, 4, glycosidic bonds [connected to carbon 1 and carbon 4] (exept at branch points they are 1, 6)
19
Q

What is starch a mixture of?

A

Amylose and amylopectin

20
Q

What are the properties of starch?

A
  • Simular to glycogen
  • Amylopectin branches around every 30 resides
    Amylose is a linear chain
21
Q

What are the properties of cellulose?

A
  • Linear chair of 1, 4 linked beta glucose
  • Arrangment of fibrils, microfibrils and cellulose in cell walls
22
Q

Structures of cellulose, starch and glycogen?

A

Cellulose: linear
Starch: branched
Glycogen: highly branched

23
Q

What is chitin?

A

Carbohydrate with a nitrogen containing functional group

24
Q

Uses of chitin?

A

Used by insects and crustacean to form an exoskeleton?

bio 12: unit one (7 decks)

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