L3: Carbohydrates Flashcards
What is the formula for carbohydrates?
(CH2O)n
What group do carbohydrates contain
Hydroxyl groups (making them polar)
What type of energy do carbohydrates produce?
Easily accessible energy
What are carbrohydrates made of?
Monosaccharides monomers bonded together covalenty with glycosidic linkage
What is a monosaccharide?
Class of sugars that cannot be hydrolyzed to give simplier sugar
What are monomers?
Molecule that can be bonded with other identical molecule to form a polymer
Most common types of monosaccharides
1) Triose (eg. glyeraldehyde)
2) Pentose (eg. ribose, deoxyribose)
3) Hexose (eg. glucose, fructose)
What are the three types of glucose?
1) Dry glucose
2) Alpha glucose
3) Beta glucose
What happens when carbonyl interacts with hydroxyl
A ring is formed
What is formed when two monosaccarides are bonded together?
A disaccharide is made
What do different geometic isomers make?
Different disaccharides
What do many monosaccuride bonds cause?
Polysaccurides
How does glucose change with geometric isomers?
The structure of glucose will only differ in C1
Explain the difference of alpha glucose vs beta glucose
Alpha: 1st OH group oppisate to C6 (‘down’)
Beta: 1st OH group came side as C6 (‘up”)
What are sources of alpha glucose?
Glycogen: short term animal energy souce, many branches (fast to break down)
Starch: short term plant energy source, fewer branches (slower to break down)
What are sources of beta glucose?
Cellulose: Plant structure, long straight chains, hydrogen bonded to eachother
Whats the structure of alpha linkages vs beta linkages
Alpha linkages: bulkier (helical) sturcture
Beta linkages: flat structure
What are properties of glycogen?
- Branches around every 10 residues
- 1, 4, glycosidic bonds [connected to carbon 1 and carbon 4] (exept at branch points they are 1, 6)
What is starch a mixture of?
Amylose and amylopectin
What are the properties of starch?
- Simular to glycogen
- Amylopectin branches around every 30 resides
Amylose is a linear chain
What are the properties of cellulose?
- Linear chair of 1, 4 linked beta glucose
- Arrangment of fibrils, microfibrils and cellulose in cell walls
Structures of cellulose, starch and glycogen?
Cellulose: linear
Starch: branched
Glycogen: highly branched
What is chitin?
Carbohydrate with a nitrogen containing functional group
Uses of chitin?
Used by insects and crustacean to form an exoskeleton?
