L2: Biomechainical Reactions Flashcards
What happens when functional groups react?
They form larger molecules.
What are the two posisble types of reactions between functional groups?
Hyrolysis and condensation
What is hydrolysis?
The addition of a molecule of water that breaks a large molecule into two smaller ones.
What is condensation?
The removal of a wayer molecule which joins two small molecules into one large one.
What are ether linkages
A formation when two alcohols combine together
What is the formation of ethers common in?
Carboydrates (sugars)
What do ethers always form between?
Always a hydroxyl group + hyroxyl forming glycocidic linkage
Describe an ether linkage
CH3OH + C2H5OH – CH3OC2H5 + H2O
When a water molecule is given off, what type of reaction is this?
Dehydration
What types of reactions does dehydration form?
Glycocidic linkage
How can an ether linkage be identified?
The presence of an oxygen atom between two carbon atoms
Whats a reverse of a “formation of ether”
Deconstruction of ether
Example of a deconstruction of ether
H20 + CH3OC2H5 – CH3OH + C2H5OH
What breaks down gycolcitic linkages?
Water molecules
What is a formation of ESTERS
Alcohol and carbonic acid combining resulring in the fomation of triglycerides (fats)
What do esters always form between?
Hydroxyl + Carbonxyl – ester bonding
What are esters common in?
Fats (glycerides, steriods, waxes)
Example of esters?
CH3OG + CH3COOH – CH3OCOCH3 + H2O
What type of reaction is an ester reaction?
Condensation reaction (water is product)
What is another word for a condensation reaction?
Dehyrdration Reaction
How are phosphate ester linkages formed
Alscohol reacts with phosphoric acid
Where are phosphate ester linkages common
Nucleac acids (DNA + RNA)
How are phosphate ester linkages formed?
Hydroxyl + phospahte group— phosphate ester linkage + water
What is a phosphate ester linkage
Phosphate double bonded to one oxygen and single bonded to one oxygen
Example of phosphate ester
CH3OH + H3PO4 — CH3OPO3H2 + H2O
Why are peptide linkages so important?
Make protien molecules in living organisms
How are peptide linkages formed
Amino acid + amino acid — protien
How must amino acids be formated to create peptide bonds?
The amino end of one with the carboxyl end of another must face eachother
Where are peptide bonds common
Protienns
Example of peptide bond
NH2CH2COOH + NH2CH2COOK — NH2CH2CONHCH2COOH + H2O
What type of reaction is a peptide bond?
Dehydration reaction
How many waters do two amino acids form
1 water
How many waters do three amino acids fomr
2 watwea
