L2: Biomechainical Reactions

Question 1

What happens when functional groups react?

Answer 1

They form larger molecules.

Question 2

What are the two posisble types of reactions between functional groups?

Answer 2

Hyrolysis and condensation

Question 3

What is hydrolysis?

Answer 3

The addition of a molecule of water that breaks a large molecule into two smaller ones.

Question 4

What is condensation?

Answer 4

The removal of a wayer molecule which joins two small molecules into one large one.

Question 5

What are ether linkages

Answer 5

A formation when two alcohols combine together

Question 6

What is the formation of ethers common in?

Answer 6

Carboydrates (sugars)

Question 7

What do ethers always form between?

Answer 7

Always a hydroxyl group + hyroxyl forming glycocidic linkage

Question 8

Describe an ether linkage

Answer 8

CH3OH + C2H5OH – CH3OC2H5 + H2O

Question 9

When a water molecule is given off, what type of reaction is this?

Answer 9

Dehydration

Question 10

What types of reactions does dehydration form?

Answer 10

Glycocidic linkage

Question 11

How can an ether linkage be identified?

Answer 11

The presence of an oxygen atom between two carbon atoms

Question 12

Whats a reverse of a “formation of ether”

Answer 12

Deconstruction of ether

Question 13

Example of a deconstruction of ether

Answer 13

H20 + CH3OC2H5 – CH3OH + C2H5OH

Question 14

What breaks down gycolcitic linkages?

Answer 14

Water molecules

Question 15

What is a formation of ESTERS

Answer 15

Alcohol and carbonic acid combining resulring in the fomation of triglycerides (fats)

Question 16

What do esters always form between?

Answer 16

Hydroxyl + Carbonxyl – ester bonding

Question 17

What are esters common in?

Answer 17

Fats (glycerides, steriods, waxes)

Question 18

Example of esters?

Answer 18

CH3OG + CH3COOH – CH3OCOCH3 + H2O

Question 19

What type of reaction is an ester reaction?

Answer 19

Condensation reaction (water is product)

Question 20

What is another word for a condensation reaction?

Answer 20

Dehyrdration Reaction

Question 21

How are phosphate ester linkages formed

Answer 21

Alscohol reacts with phosphoric acid

Question 22

Where are phosphate ester linkages common

Answer 22

Nucleac acids (DNA + RNA)

Question 23

How are phosphate ester linkages formed?

Answer 23

Hydroxyl + phospahte group— phosphate ester linkage + water

Question 24

What is a phosphate ester linkage

Answer 24

Phosphate double bonded to one oxygen and single bonded to one oxygen

Question 25

Example of phosphate ester

Answer 25

CH3OH + H3PO4 — CH3OPO3H2 + H2O

Question 26

Why are peptide linkages so important?

Answer 26

Make protien molecules in living organisms

Question 27

How are peptide linkages formed

Answer 27

Amino acid + amino acid — protien

Question 28

How must amino acids be formated to create peptide bonds?

Answer 28

The amino end of one with the carboxyl end of another must face eachother

Question 29

Where are peptide bonds common

Answer 29

Protienns

Question 30

Example of peptide bond

Answer 30

NH2CH2COOH + NH2CH2COOK — NH2CH2CONHCH2COOH + H2O

Question 31

What type of reaction is a peptide bond?

Answer 31

Dehydration reaction

Question 32

How many waters do two amino acids form

Answer 32

1 water

Question 33

How many waters do three amino acids fomr

Answer 33

2 watwea