L4 - Bone Tissue Flashcards
Osteogenic cells
Stem cells that produce osteoblasts
Osteoblasts
Makers, produce new bone matrix
Osteocytes
Maintainers, recycle protein and minerals, communicate with other cells
Osteoclasts
Destroyers, remove bone matrix
Osteon structure
Compact bone
Trabecular structure
Cancellous bone
Foramina
Holes in compact bone for blood supply
Osteons
Longitudinal unit within compact bone, what it is made of.
Central canal
Contains blood vessel and nerves
Lamellae
Series of rings formed of ECM around central canal, collegen fibers within this to resist force.
Lacunae
Lakes for osteocytes, maintaining cells trapped within the layers of the osteon structure.
Canaliculi
Channels for nutrients through the ECM to feed osteocytes
Trabeculae
Branches of lamella bone
Trabecular bone
Aka. Cancellous or spongy bone
Osteoblasts
Add bone matrix in lamellae to bone surface
Appositionally
Growing width wise
Periosteum
The layer that osteoblasts live in, by the ECM
Osteoclasts
Remove bone from the medullary cavity
Medullary cavity
The inner cavity of bone where marrow commonly is found
Purpose of medullary diameter increase with growth
To keep homeostasis and allowing blood flow to the bone, lightening the bone, and allowing movement
Remodelling process
Shape and change bone through life to resist strain, allows bone to respond plastically
Maintain homeostasis in bone
Adequate calcium in diet, moderate exercise to stress the bone and stimulate growth
Osteopenia
When osteoclastic activity takes over, causes bone mass to slowly decrease. Occurs with age
Osteoporosis
The clinically significant version of osteopenia, thinning of trabeculae
Risk factors of osteoporosis
Biological female - loss of estrogen post menopause, lifestyle factors - lack of exercise and nutritional factors
