L1 - Termonology Basics Flashcards
Homeostasis
The regulatory mechanisms to ensure controlled variables do not move too far from the ‘normal’.
Feedback
When the controlled variables moves too far from the set point and in response, the body attempts to move the variable back to normal.
Feedforward
Anticipatory of an event that will alter a controlled variable, doing something to minimise the effect.
Anatomical position
Upright, face forward, feet together, palms facing forward.
Anterior
Forwards
Posterior
Backwards
Superior
Closer to the head.
Inferior
Closer to the feet.
Medial
Towards midline.
Lateral
Away from midline.
Proximal
Towards trunk.
Distal
Away from trunk.
Deep
Further from the surface.
Superficial
Closer to the surface.
Coronal plane
Front to back
Sagittal plane
Side to side
Transverse plane
Top to bottom
Midsagittal
Aka. Median plane. Divides body into mirror left and right planes.
Sagittal plane movement
Flexion and extension
Flexion
Fleshy parts of limb brought closer together.
Extension
Increases angle.
Hyperextension
Angle increasing past what is ‘normal’.
Dorsiflexion
Toes brought up towards face.
Plantarflexion
Toes pointing down away from face.
Coronal plane movement
Moving up and down, abduction and adduction.
Abduction
Movement at joint, moves limb away from midline.
Adduction
Movement at joint that brings limb towards midline.
Inversion
Sole of foot faces towards midline.
Eversion
Sole of foot faces away from midline.
Circumduction
Circular movement without rotation.
Rotation
Movement round the long axis of the joint.
Lateral rotation
Rotating away from the midline.
Medial rotation
Rotating towards the midline.
Pronation
Palm faces posterior, forearm bones cross.
Supination
Palm faces anteriorly, forearm bones parallel.
