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microbiology > L4. Bacterial pathogenesis: virulence factors and toxins > Flashcards

L4. Bacterial pathogenesis: virulence factors and toxins Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

define pathogenicity islands

A

virulence genes (tend to be clustered together in “islands”)

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2
Q

define adhesins?

A

allow bacteria to stick onto something (ex commensal bacteria that move to different location like E coli in urinary tract)

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3
Q

where do N gonorrhea, e coli and campylobacter stick?

where does bordetella pertusis stick and what does it cause?

A

N gonorrhea (pili) - cervical and buccal cells

E coli and campylobacter - intestinal walls

bordetella pertusis - ciliated resp cells and whooping cough

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4
Q

what are capsules also known as (2)?

A

slime layer or glycocalyx

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5
Q

what is special about streptococcus mutans?

A

Can stick to tooth enamel using its dextran and levan capsule

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6
Q

pseudomonas, s aureus have the ability to do wht?

A

form biofilms

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7
Q

define quorum?

A

minimum number of bacteria required to make a biofilm

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8
Q

what is a colony of bacteria?

A

group of bacteria that are genetically identical

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9
Q

what is an autoclave used for?

A

high temperature an pressure applied within this instrument that kill even endospores!

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10
Q

biofilms infection examples? (4)

A

Valve endocarditis
Periodontitis
Cystic fibrosis
Otitis media

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11
Q

what are leukocidins and where are they found?

A

pore forming, degranulation of lysosomes within leukocyte

“Leukas Steps in New NEEES Helicopter”
strep pneumonia, Nesisseria, h. influenza

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12
Q

What are porins and where are they found?

A

inhibit phagocytosis by activating adenylate cyclase

STAP STEPing in New Pores!!!!!
staph, strep, pneumococci

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13
Q

what is protein A and where is it found?

A

prevents complement interaction w/ antibodies

Staph Aureus

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14
Q

define hemolysins?

A

produced by streptococci; ability to break down red blood cells

apparently even E coli and some staph produce this

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15
Q

define different types of hemolysins? (3)

A

beta, alpha and gamma

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16
Q

streptokinase?

A

produced by strep, used to treat blood clots in heart!

17
Q

staphylokinase?

A

same as strep; dissolve blood clots

18
Q

facultative intracellular organisms survive inside cells how?

A

inhibit phagosome - lysosome fusion

listeria, salmonella, yersinia, fancisella, brucella, mycobacterium, legionella and nocardia

19
Q

cytotoxins?

A

kill cells

20
Q

endotoxins?

A

LPS

21
Q

what is the only gram positive bacteria that can produce endotoxins?

A

listeria

22
Q

endotoxins heat stability?

A

very stable vs exotoxins which are heat unstable (b/c proteins)

23
Q

endotoxins fever abilitity?

A

yes! (exotoxins don’t)

24
Q

endo vs exotoxin lethal dose?

A

endo - large (less toxic)

exo- small (more toxic)

25
Q

how do endotoxins cause fever?

hypotension?

fever and hypotension?

hypotension and edema?

A

fever - IL - 1

hypotension - nitric oxide

hypotension and fever - TNF

hypotension and edema - C3a

26
Q

imp how do endotoxins cause coagulation?

A

through activating tissue factors!

27
Q

what is cholera toxin mechanism?

A

increases cAMP levels to cause loss of water

28
Q

A-B toxins method of action?

A

A is for action (catalytic domain)

B is for binding (receptor bidning domain)

29
Q

A-B toxins?

A

exotoxins - gram positive

30
Q

what is the diphtheria toxin mechanism?

A

A-B toxin that interferes with protein synthesis

  • transfers a group (ADP - ribose from NAD molecule) to elongation factor -> no longer functional
  • tRNA will no longer do translocation of mRNA
31
Q

what is the botulism toxin mechanism?

A

one of the most poisonous substances known

  • breaks down snare proteins -> prevents docking of vesicle on membrane -> inhibits release of ACh
  • causes paralysis!
32
Q

what is the clostridium perfringens toxin mechanism?

A

cause food poisoning

  • produce buteric acid -> smelly
  • produce gas gangrene (by alpha toxin) causes tissue necrosis
  • produce enterotoxin during spore formation!
33
Q

what is the anthrax toxin mechanism?

A

cutaneous, pulmonary and intestinal types

  • pXO1: protective antigen (forms pore to allow other 2 to get in), edema and lethal factor
  • pXO2: forms the capsule/cell membrane
34
Q

what does the edema factor do?

A

adenylate cyclase

  • increase cAMP, loss of Chlorine, edema in tissue
35
Q

what does lethal factor do?

A

cleaves phosphokinases

  • which stops cell growth
36
Q

what does protective antigen do?

A

forms pores in cell membrane

  • to facilitate EF and LF entry
37
Q

what does tetanus toxin do?

A

toxin: tetanospasmin

- dampen down the inhibitory NT response (ex LOCKJAW)

38
Q

endotoxin vs exotoxin antigenicity?

A

exotoxin has higher antigenicity!!

microbiology (8 decks)

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