L3 Lipids

Question 1

What is lipid?

Answer 1

A heterogenous group of compounds of biochemical importance

Question 2

Lipids are _______ in water but _______ in non-polar organic solvents

Answer 2

insoluble
soluble

Question 3

Functions of lipids

Answer 3

Major source of energy
Energy storage
Fat is stored in adipose tissue,thermal insulator in subcutaneous tissue and organs
Serve as cushion to protect internal organs

Question 4

Lipids are compartmentalized in human body into _______,_______ and _______

Answer 4

membrane
droplet
lipoprotein

Question 5

Lipids have _______ properties, which are hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions ad hydrophobic barrier

Answer 5

ampiphatic

Question 6

Lipids are classified into ___ lipids, ____ lipids, and _____ lipids

Answer 6

simple
complex
derived

Question 7

Example of simple lipids

Answer 7

Fats/oil ( FA w glycerol ) and waxes ( FA w monohydric alcohols )

Question 8

Example of complex lipids

Answer 8

Phospholipids, Glycolipids

Question 9

Example of derived lipids

Answer 9

Fatty acids, hydrocarbons, steroids, hormones

Question 10

Types of fatty acids

Answer 10

Saturated ( No double bond )
Unsaturated ( One or more double bond )

Question 11

The melting points of fatty acids _____ with chain length

Answer 11

increase

Question 12

The melting points of fatty acids ______ according to unsaturation

Answer 12

decrease

Question 13

Long-chain FA must be transported in the circulation in ______________

Answer 13

association with protein

Question 14

FA esters are contained in circulating _______

Answer 14

lipoprotein particles

Question 15

Free FA are transported in the circulation in __________

Answer 15

association with albumin

Question 16

Saturated acids ends in ________

Answer 16

-anoic (eg: octanoic acid )

Question 17

Unsaturated acids ends in _________

Answer 17

-enoic ( eg : octadecenoic acid )

Question 18

What are the only essential FA for humans?

Answer 18

Linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids

Question 19

Essential FA deficiency can result in?

Answer 19

Dry, scaly dermatitis as a result of an inability to synthesize molecules that provide the water barrier in skin

Question 20

Cholestrol is the ______ of many steroids

Answer 20

precursors

Question 21

Clinical importance of lipids

Answer 21

Prevents:
-obesity
-diabetes mellitus
-cardiovascular diseases

Question 22

Excessive fat deposits cause ___________

Answer 22

obesity

Question 23

Abnormality in cholestrol and lipoprotein metabolism leads to ________________

Answer 23

atherosclerosis

Question 24

Athersclerosis is the ___________

Answer 24

hardening of the arteries

Question 25

Accumulation of lipid in the vessel wall leads to ____________ .

Answer 25

atherosclerotic plaque formation

Question 26

What is emulsification?

Answer 26

A process where a large molecule is broken down to tiny molecules

Question 27

Key enzymes in digestion of lipids

Answer 27

Lipase
Phospholipase
Cholestrol ester hydrolase

Question 28

Majority of digestion that takes place in the stomach is _____________

Answer 28

protein digestion

Question 29

Majority of digestion that takes place at duodenum is _____________

Answer 29

lipid digestion

Question 30

Key components of emulsification of lipid in small intestine

Answer 30

Enterogastrone
Cholecytokinin
Conjugated bile salts
Peristalsis