Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anatomy I Unit 1 > L3-L4 Microanatomy of Epithelial Tissue I and II > Flashcards

L3-L4 Microanatomy of Epithelial Tissue I and II Flashcards

1
Q

Function of epithelial? (5)

A
  • Protection
  • Transcellular transport
  • Secretion
  • Absorption
  • Sensory detection
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Epithelial structure?

A
  • ALWAYS avascular* which has lack of blood vessels (around connective tissue)
  • Covers body surfaces
  • Lies internal, closed body cavities and tubes
  • Constitutes glands
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What do epithelial cells exhibit? and orientation (3)?

A
  • ALWAYS* exhibits POLARITY
  • Cells are closely opposed and attached to one another
  • Attached basally to a basement membrane
  • Face into a lumen or to the outside world
    THEY ARE ALWAYS TRUE
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

2 types of epithelium tissue vs basement membrane location?

A

Most often as “sheets of cells”(btwn lumen and underlying connective tissue)/ Clusters of secretory cells (functions as sweat/ secretions)
~always avascular..connective tissue nearby

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 domains of epithelial cells? Orientation?

A
  1. Apical domain (always facing lumen)
  2. Lateral domain (cells facing each other)
  3. Basal domain (facing towards basement membrane.. separate from connective tissue)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Domains on a cartoon figure (3)

A

Apical: borders on the lumen
Lateral: borders on neighboring cells
Basal: borders on the basement membrane, related to underlying connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is apical domain?

A

Apical specializations of the plasma membrane often define the function of that epithelial cell (facing away from basement membrane)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Purpose of microvilli?

A

Used for ABSORPTION*; extend into the lumen to increase SA for absorption, found in places like intestines (“brush border”) and kidney tubules (“striated border”)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of core does microvilli have? ***

A

ACTIN core, makes it strong/tough/straight –> attached to terminal web (network of actin) –> intermediate filament (varying structures)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why are microvilli NOT microtubules?

A

Because they are NOT hollow (have an actin core)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the glycocalyx? Functions (3)?

A

“Cell coat”
- Associated with microvilli

  • Aids with absorption
  • Carbohydrate chains linked to membrane proteins or lipids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the best stain for carbohydrates?**

A

PAS (periodic-acid Schiff)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are cilia?

A

Mobile, hair-like structures extend from dark basal bodies, creates movement along surface; “messy hippie haircut”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Microvilli vs Cilia?

A

Microvilli- Brush border, uniform, ABSORPTION

Cilia- Longer, “messy”, move things along

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is a major feature of cilia?

A

Core of microtubules- HOLLOW

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the characteristics of apical portion of microtubules?

A

9 peripheral doublets, 2 central singlets (9+2 arrangement)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the basal body characteristic of microtubules?

A

Develop from procentriole organizers

“9 triplets”
- As extend into cilium, rearrange into 9+2 arrangement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

If disease X affected actin, which of the structures would be affected?

A

Microvilli (absorption impaired)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 4 basic tissue types and what do they do?

A
  • Epithelium (covers, lines, secretes, absorbs)
  • Connective tissue (structural support)
  • Muscle (contracts to produce movement)
  • Nervous tissue (integrates sensory information with motor outcomes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are 3 functions of the lateral domain?

A
  1. Form a selective barrier
  2. Adherence
  3. Communication
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are lateral interdigitations?

A

Lateral surfaces show infoldings (either convulted or straight depending on cell’s needs)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What are two features of the lateral interdigitations?

A
  • Prominent in cells engaged in fluid transport (eg intestines)
  • Increase lateral SA
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are 3 parts of the junctional complex? (also what is another name they can be called?)

A
  1. Zonal occludens (tight junction)
  2. Zonula adherens (intermediate junction)
  3. Macula adherentes (desmosome..”spot junction”)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

In Light microscopy, what is the junctional complex called?

A

Terminal bars

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is the main function of the zonula occludens?

A

Form a protective barrier between epithelial cells and separates the luminal space from the intercellular space and the connective tissue compartment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

In a cartoon between two cells, what does the zonula occludens look like?

A

Intermittent contact and separations of lateral plasma membranes of adjacent epithelial cells (touches and comes apart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What is “leakiness”of zonula occludens?

A

Related to number of ridges and grooves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What is the main function of the zonula adherens? What do they look like cell to cell?

A

Cell to cell adhesion; Cells do not touch each other

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What is significant about the distance between two adjacent cell membranes?

A

Two plasma membranes have “linking”proteins that connect cytoskeletons together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What are the hairy things exclusively associated with intermediate junction or zonula adherens? (IMPORTANT)

A

Actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What is the main function of macula adherens? What is unique?

A

Cell to cell adhesion; every junctional complex has at least one desmosome, tight junction, intermediate junction**

Note: there are more desmosomes scattered all over the place

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What is the electron dense area on the macula adherens?

A

Attachment plaque

33
Q

What is always associated with macula adherens exclusively? (IMPORTANT)

A

Intermediate filaments

34
Q

What are the roles of actin and microtubules in movement within the cell? (3)

A
  • Help move structures around the cell
  • Provide structural support
  • Motor protein guides movements
35
Q

Why are actin filaments stiff in microvilli?

A

No motor proteins are present

36
Q

What are gap junctions?

A

Specialized lateral domain; “communicating junctions”“nexus”

37
Q

What are gap junctions NOT part of?

A

Junctional complex*, because part of lateral domain

38
Q

What is the main function of gap junctions?

A

Exchange or signaling between adjacent cells

39
Q

What are steps cell takes to get information thru gap junctions?

A
  • Cells approach each other
  • 2-nm-wide-gap
  • Direct passage of signaling molecules from one cell to another
40
Q

Where are gap junctions found?

A

Found in tissues that accomplish coordinated functions such as cardiac muscles or neurons

41
Q

What are the structures of the gap junction? (3)

A
  • ONE cell membrane
  • Closed connexon
  • Open connexon
42
Q

Two adjacent cells during gap junction- what structures actually touch?

A

The communicating CONNEXONS

43
Q

What is important about the substances in the intercellular space in gap junction?*

A

Substances in the intercellular space cannot enter the connexon.
Substances in the connexon cannot leak into the intercellular space.

44
Q

What are the basal domains?

A

Specialized for cell-to-extracellular matrix adhesion

45
Q

What do basal domains exhibit? Example?

A

Infoldings, such as specialized cells in the kidney

46
Q

What is the difference between basement membrane vs. basal lamina?

A

Basement membrane is made of carbs and stains well with PAS.

Basal lamina is when we can look inside basement membrane and see what is going on at EM

47
Q

What are the 2 parts that make up the basement membrane? What are each of them secreted by?

A

Basal Lamina (secreted by epithelial tissue) + Reticular lamina (secreted by connective tissue)

48
Q

What structures of basement membrane can we see under EM?

A

Artifacts, hemi-desmosome, basal lamina, reticular lamina

49
Q

So how does the epithelial cell attach to the basal lamina?**

A

“Spot Welds”

50
Q

What are hemidesmosomes?

A

“1/2 a desmosome”, which are associated with attachment plaques and intermediate filaments

51
Q

What are the attachment plaques?

A

Attach cell to the basal lamina and are associated with the intermediate filaments

52
Q

What are focal adhesions?

A

Associated with actin filaments, which are important for mechanoreception

53
Q

What are the simple shapes of cells? (3)

A
  1. Squamous (flat)
  2. Cubodial (square)
  3. Columnar (rectangular)
54
Q

What does stratified mean?

A

More than ONE layer

55
Q

What is stratified epithelium named for?

A

Shape on top of layer cells

56
Q

What does it mean when a cell’s surface is keratinized?

A

Keratin: tough, usually has a big layer of clearly DEAD cells

57
Q

What does it mean when a cell looks pseudostratified?

A

That means that the cell only has one layer but looks like it has multiple layers
- All cells “touch” the basement membrane but don’t all reach the lumen

58
Q

What is transitional epithelium? Where is it usually found?

A

Apical cells have a unique, rounded top; usually found in bladder

59
Q

Why does transitional epithelium have the unique rounded top (2 diff states)? (in a bladder setting)

A

When relaxed, it is very puffy; but when distended (like filled with urine), it extends out

60
Q

What are glands created from?

A

Created partially from epithelial tissue

61
Q

What are the 2 kinds of tissue in the glands?

A
  1. Parenchyma

2. Stroma

62
Q

What is parachyma?

A

Cells that are doing work

63
Q

What is stroma?

A

Providing support (connective tissue)

64
Q

Since epithelial tissue is evascular, what can it not receive? Because of this, what does it MUST have? ***

A

Oxygen so it HAS to have connective

65
Q

What are the two kinds of glands? What do they each secrete out of their BASAL portion?

A
  1. Exocrine (secrete into ducts)

2. Endocrine (secrete H into blood or lymphatic vessels located in connective tissue)

66
Q

TEM of endocrine glands- what do we see?

A

Small secretory granules located in basal cytoplasm, ductless without a lumen, polarized toward the basement membrane, it produce H, secretion can be constitutive OR regulated

67
Q

What do endocrine cells do? What type of secretion?

A

Secrete steroid H; Constitutive secretion

68
Q

How are exocrine glands classified? (2)

A
  1. Structure

2. Type of secretion

69
Q

Describe the branching of ducts of exocrine gland structure. (2)

A
  1. Simple- little or no branching

2. Compound- multiple layers of branching

70
Q

Describe the shape of secretory unit of exocrine glands. (3)

A
  1. Tubular- tube-y shaped

2. Acinar- “berry”or “flask-shaped”
3. Combinations

71
Q

What are the type of secretions of exocrine glands. (2)

A
  1. Serous

2. Mucous

72
Q

Describe serous-secreting compound glands. (4)

A
  • Pyramidal-shaped cells (be able to locate apical part near ducts)
  • Basally located, round nuclei
  • Basophilic basal cytoplasm
  • Apical cytoplasm (lighter stained where we can see secretory granules)
73
Q

Is serous-secreting compound glands regulated or constitutive?

A

Regulated

74
Q

Regarding serous-secreting compound glands: What organelle is abundant in the basal portion of the cell?

A

Rough ER-

75
Q

Regarding serous-secreting compound glands: Where is the Golgi complex located?

A

Supranuclear (ABOVE nucleus).. b/c secretory vesicles are created by Golgi

76
Q

Regarding serous-secreting compound glands: Where are the secretory granules located?

A

Apical cytoplasm (toward lumen)

77
Q

What are goblet cells?

A

Not in a gland; secretes mucins (hydrophilic glycoproteins)

78
Q

How can we tell serous-secreting cells and mucous-secreting cells apart?

A
  • Serous: constitutively secreted; not so heavy (big, puffy, round)
  • Mucous: big, pale, lots of carbs

Anatomy I Unit 1 (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions