L3 - Does psychotherapy work? Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause and treatment of mental illness according to the Psychoanalytic Model?

A

According to the psychoanalytic model, mental illness is caused by unresolved unconscious conflicts.
Treatment aims to offer insight into these unconscious processes.

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2
Q

What is the cause and treatment of mental illness according to the Humanistic Model?

A

According to the humanistic model, mental illness is caused by thwarted/ not reaching self actualisation.
Treatment involves empathy and unconditional positive regard.

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3
Q

What is the cause and treatment of mental illness according to the Behavioural Model?

A

According to the behavioural model, mental illness is caused by learned responses to certain stimuli.
Treatment involves new learning to overwrite these old responses.

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4
Q

What is the cause and treatment of mental illness according to the Cognitive Model?

A

According to the cognitive model, mental illness is caused by negative core beliefs and biased thinking.
Treatment involves showing new ways of thinking through ‘cognitive restructuring’.

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5
Q

How does the Cognitive-Behavioural Model or CBT attempt to treat metal illness?

A

CBT or cognitive behavioural therapy aims to treat cognitive aspects through restructuring, challenging beliefs/expectations and judgements, while also promoting the learning of new behavioural aspects to cope with mental illness.

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6
Q

What are some characteristics of a good experimental design?

A

◦ Random allocation of participants to treatment groups
◦ Blind or Double Blind design
◦ Experiments must be conducted with treatment manuals or clear description of treatment
- To enable precise replication
◦ Characteristics of samples must be specified
- Diagnoses, exclusion criteria, etc (DSM)
◦ Characteristics of therapists must be specified
◦ Effects must be demonstrated by at least two different
investigators or teams

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7
Q

What defines a ‘Probably efficacious treatment’?

A
  • At least two experiments show that the treatment
    is superior to waiting-list control group (rather than
    placebo control)
    OR
  • Meets well-established criteria but experiments not
    carried out by two different teams
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8
Q

What defines ‘Experimental treatments’?

A

not yet tested in randomised controlled trials with
adequate methodology
- e.g, not randomised, pre-post only, not manualised,

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9
Q

What are some criticisms of Empirically Supported Treatment research?

A

 Reliance on DSM to describe samples
◦ Diagnosis is dehumanising
◦ DSM medical model is not appropriate
 But: need to evaluate generalisability somehow
 Reliance on treatment manuals
◦ Reduces treatment quality: treatment should be designed for individual cases
 Reliance on Randomised Controlled Trials
◦ findings mightn’t generalise to real life cases

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10
Q

Name some mental disorders with EST’s and their specific treatments?

A

Anxiety disorders: CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy)
Obsessive compulsive disorder: Exposure and response prevention.
Major depression: CBT

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