L3 Disabilities Flashcards
Disabilities
Impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions
Impairment
Problem in body function or structure
Activity limitation
A difficulty encountered by an individual in executing a task or action
Participation restriction
A problem experienced by an individual in involvement in life situations
Disability - SS
The law defines disability as the
inability to engage in any substantial gainful activity (SGA)
by reason of any medically determinable physical or mental impairment(s)
which can be expected to result in death or
which has lasted or can be expected to last for a continuous period of not less than 12 months.
American Disabilities Act (ADA)
Signed into law on July 26, 1990, the ADA is a wide-ranging civil rights law that prohibits, under certain circumstances, discrimination based on disability
Rehabilitation Act
The Rehabilitation Act of 1973 was the first major legislative effort to secure
an equal playing field for individuals with disabilities.
No otherwise qualified individual with a disability in the United States… shall, solely by reason of her or his disability, be excluded from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under any program or activity receiving Federal financial assistance
Disability - ADA
The ADA defines a person with a disability as a person who has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities.
- has a physical or mental impairment that substantially limits one or more major life activities;
- has a record of such an impairment; or
- is regarded as having such an impairment.
- “Disability” is a legal term rather than a medical one
- ADA’s definition of disability is different from how disability is defined under some other laws.
Severity of Disability
A severely disabled individual is characterized by:
1. Multiple impairments that require different readily available therapeutic techniques (or)
- Where a number of techniques are available, but it is not known if they are capable of removing the barriers(or)
- Therapeutic techniques are not readily available, but evaluation suggests that solutions can be developed by integrating various environments and services
CONGENITAL DISABILITIES
Dystonic / Dyskinetic Cerebral Palsy
Spastic Cerebral Palsy
Spina Bifida
ACQUIRED DISABILITIES
Head Injuries
Spinal Cord Injuries
Stroke
PROGRESSIVE DISABILITIES
Multiple Sclerosis
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
ALS
Blindness
Strictly defined as the state of being totally sightless in both eyes
Legal blindness
Level of vision loss that has been legally defined to determine eligibility for benefits.
The clinical diagnosis refers to a central visual acuity of 20/200 or less in the better eye with the best possible correction, and/or a visual field of 20 degrees or less
Hearing Impairments
Hearing impairment by the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) is “an impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance but is not included under the definition of ‘deafness.
Deafness
A hearing loss above 90 decibels is generally considered deafness, which means that a hearing loss below 90 decibels is classified as a hearing impairment.
Cerebral Palsy
- Group of neurological disorders that appear in infancy or early childhood and permanently affect body movement, muscle coordination, and balance
- Lack of muscle coordination when performing voluntary movements (ataxia); stiff or tight muscles and exaggerated reflexes (spasticity); walking with one foot or leg dragging; walking on the toes, a crouched gait, or a “scissored”
gait; and muscle tone that is either too stiff or too floppy - Seizures, hearing loss and impaired vision, bladder and bowel control issues, and pain and abnormal sensations
Spina Bifida
- part of a group of birth defects called neural tube defects
- Myelomeningocele: the most severe form; the baby’s spinal
canal remains open along several vertebrae in the lower or
middle back
Spina Bifida
Neurological impairment is common, including: - Muscle weakness of the legs, sometimes
involving paralysis - Bowel and bladder problems
- Seizures, especially if the child requires a shunt
- Orthopedic problems — such as deformed feet,
uneven hips and a curved spine (scoliosis)
Spinal cord injury (SCI)
Spinal cord injury (SCI) occurs when the spinal cord becomes
damaged, most commonly, when motor vehicle accidents, falls,
acts of violence, and sporting accidents fracture vertebrae and
crush or transect the spinal cord
Tetraplegia\Quadraplegia - SCI
loss of function in both arms and
legs – cervical SCI
Paraplegia
lost of function legs and chest
thoracic SCI: legs and chest
lumbar, sacral SCI: hips and legs
CNS
central nervous system: brain and spinal cord
PNS
peripheral nervous system
Impact plus persistent compression
burst fracture with bone fragments compressing spinal cord
