L11 Reed

Question 1

Haptics

Answer 1

Touch in Greek

Question 2

Rehabilitation

Answer 2

Assisting with Impaired motion

Restoring abilities

Question 3

The study of haptics

Answer 3

Human haptics

Robot Haptics

Haptic Feedback - Virtual environments, teleoperation

Question 4

Bimanual Upper Limb Rehabilitation

Answer 4

• Tight neural coupling allows the same
  motor commands to be duplicated
  on the opposite side of the body.
• Physical coupling provides same
  motions and feedback for both limbs.

Question 5

Global dominance hypothesis

Answer 5

the dominant arm is
specialized for all aspects of control, whereas the
nondominant arm is inferior for all aspects of control.
- Most universal and long-standing perspective of
handedness

Question 6

Complimentary dominance hypothesis:

Answer 6

each
hemisphere is specialized for different aspects of
control regardless of dominant hand
- More recent perspective that has good scientific
backing

Question 7

Dynamic Dominance Model

Answer 7

• The hemisphere contralateral to the dominant (right) arm
  is specialized for predictive control of dynamics
• This allows smooth and efficient coordination of
  movements
• The hemisphere contralateral to the nondominant (left)
  arm is specialized for impedance control
• This allows for positional stability in the face of
  unanticipated perturbations

Question 8

Key takeaways from handedness

Answer 8

• Each hand is specialized for different purposes
• Right hand is
• better for dynamic movements that can be predicted
• more like an open loop controller with a good model of
  dynamics
• Left hand is
• better for stabilization when there are unexpected
  perturbations
• perceives motions and forces better
• more like a feedback controlle

Question 9

Upper Limb Rehabilitation - Forced Use

Answer 9

Effectively retrains highly functioning people with stroke

Question 10

Upper Limb Rehabilitation - Robotic Rehabilitation

Answer 10

Many have been developed

• General methods of robot-rehabilitation:
• Resistive - push against force: trains strength
• Assistive - guide the user: trains coordination
• Error augmentation - exaggerate errors: after effects

Question 11

Reinnervation

Answer 11

Reinnervation refers to the process by which nerves regrow and re-establish connections with target tissues, typically following injury, surgery, or transplantation. It plays a crucial role in the recovery of function and sensation in various parts of the body, particularly in cases involving nerve damage or loss.

Question 12

Gait

Answer 12

Gait refers to the manner or pattern of walking or locomotion in humans and animals. It encompasses the rhythmic and repetitive movements involved in walking, including the coordinated action of the limbs and the body’s balance and posture during movement.

Question 13

phantom pain

Answer 13

Phantom pain refers to the sensation of pain that feels like it’s coming from a body part that’s no longer there. This phenomenon is a common experience among amputees, where individuals feel pain in the limb or part of the limb that has been amputated.

Question 14

Split-belt Treadmills

Answer 14

Split-belt treadmills
allows independent
control of each leg

Question 15

iStride Device

Answer 15

Shoes based on the Archimedean Spiral