L2Clinical Terms and Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

Main bones

A
  • Skull: cranium, mandible, maxilla
  • Shoulder girdle: clavicle, scapula
  • Arm: humerus, radius, ulna
  • Hand: carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
  • Chest: sternum, ribs
  • Spine: cervical (7); thoracic (12); lumbar (5)
    sacrum (5 fused), coccyx
  • Pelvic girdle: ilium, pubis, ischium
  • Leg: femur, tibia, fibula
  • Ankle: talus, calcaneus
  • Foot: tarsals, metatarsals, phalanges
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2
Q

Cerebellum

A

Brain

“Little brain”; coordination of
voluntary muscle movement

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3
Q

Frontal lobe

A

Cognitive thinking

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4
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Integrating sensory information

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5
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual perception system

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6
Q

Temporal lobe:

A

Primary auditory cortex

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7
Q

Amygdala

A

Helps trigger the fight-or flight response

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8
Q

Hippocampus

A

Center of emotion, memory and the autonomic nervous system

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9
Q

Thalamus

A

Get information from
outside the body; sensory nerve
impulses

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10
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Maintaining
homeostasis

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11
Q

Corpus Callosum

A

Bridges the right and left hemispheres of the brain

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12
Q

Skeletal Muscles

A
  • Forces
  • Levers
  • Movement
  • Stability
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13
Q

Cartilage

A

Tough
Felxible
At the end of bone
Cushions

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14
Q

Tendons

A

Attaches bone to muscle
Sturdy
Nonelastic
Size changes depending on muscle
Anchor

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15
Q

Ligaments

A

Attaches bone to bone
Elastic
Stabilize
Made of many fibres
Strong

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16
Q

Roles of Skin

A

First line of defense (physical barrier)
Waterproofing the body
Preventing fluid loss
Vitamin D synthesis
Sebaceous glands: Lubricate skin
Sweat glands: Regulate body temperature, excrete waste
Hair: Controls heat loss, sense receptor

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17
Q

External ear

A

The auride, the audatory canal and the eardrum

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18
Q

Middle ear

A

Formed by the 3 smallest bones in the body: The malleus, the incus, and the stapes

19
Q

Inner ear

A

Composed of cochlea. Filled with liquid, the cochlear canal has 20,000 ciliated cells (nerves that transmit the signals to the brain) in each ear

20
Q

Bones - Function

A

Fit together at joints, which allow movement

21
Q

Muscles - function

A

Move bones by extending or flexing a joint

22
Q

Nerves- function

A

Control the contraction and relaxation of muscles

23
Q

Anatomical neutral position

A

Standing upright
Legs together, knees straight
Toes pointing forwards
Arms by the sides
Palms facing forwards

24
Q

Superior

A

Towardthe ehad or upper part of a structure or body

25
Q

Inferior

A

away from the head and towad the lower part of a structure or body

26
Q

Anterior

A

Toward or at the front of the body

27
Q

Posterior

A

Toward or at the back of the body

28
Q

Medial

A

Toward or at the middle of the body

29
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the midline of the body

30
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a more medial and lateral structure

31
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to the origin of the body part of point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

32
Q

Distal

A

Farther from the origin of the body part or point of attachment of a limb to the trunk

33
Q

Superficial

A

Toward or at the surface

34
Q

Deep

A

Away from the body surface

35
Q

Flexion

A

This movement decreases the angle between two body parts. For example, bending the elbow or bringing the knee closer to the chest.

36
Q

Extension

A

This movement increases the angle between two body parts. For example, straightening the elbow or knee.

37
Q

Abduction

A

This movement involves moving a body part away from the midline of the body. For example, raising the arms sideways away from the body.

38
Q

Adduction

A

This movement involves bringing a body part closer to the midline of the body. For example, bringing the arms back down to the sides from a raised position.

39
Q

Rotation

A

Rotation involves the movement of a body part around its own axis. For example, turning the head from side to side or rotating the arm at the shoulder joint.

40
Q

Circumduction

A

Circumduction involves moving a body part in a circular motion, where the distal end of the part moves in a circle while the proximal end remains relatively stable. For example, swinging the arm in a circular motion at the shoulder joint.

41
Q

Pronation

A

This movement involves rotating the forearm and hand so that the palm faces downwards or backwards. For example, turning the hand from palm facing up to palm facing down.

42
Q

Supination

A

This movement involves rotating the forearm and hand so that the palm faces upwards or forwards. For example, turning the hand from palm facing down to palm facing up.

43
Q

Inversion

A

This movement involves lifting the medial edge of the foot so that the sole faces inwards. For example, standing on tiptoe.

44
Q

Eversion

A

This movement involves lifting the lateral edge of the foot so that the sole faces outwards. For example, turning the sole of the foot away from the midline of the body.