L29 Flashcards
What is disorders are in this photo? and what aer the causes
Gigantism - excess GH (tumour in anterior pituitary of cells that secrete GH)
Dwarfism - deficiency GH
What is infantile hypothyroidism? and caused by? and symptoms
Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone
Caused by lack of iodine in mothers diet
-low metabolic rate
-cold intolerant
-brain development is inhibited
What is Iodine deficiency disorder? (simple goitre)
Hyposecretion of thyroid hormone
no TH, causing TRH and TSH secretions however thyroid hormone cannot be made without iodine
Loss of TH ability to inhibit release of TRH and TSH and over stimulation of thyroid gland
Excess TSH stimulates growth of thyroid gland
What is graves disease and its symptoms
Hypersecretion of thyroid hormone caused by autoimmune disorder
-High metabolic rate
-weight loss
Hyperparathyroidism and symptoms
Hypersecretion of PTH caused by parathyroid tumour
-bones become soft
-raises blood calcium and phosphate levels
-formation of kidney stones
Hypercalcemia
Excessive calcium in blood, tumour
-nerve and muscle cells less responsive and excitable
-depression of nervous system (weakness, emotional disturbances)
Cardiac arrest
Hypocalcemia
Too little calcium in blood
caused by deficiency of vitamin D
-Diarrhoea
-thyroid tumours increase C cells and increase calcitonin, which decreases calcium blood levels
Symptoms: increased excitability nervous system
-muscle tremors (tetany)
- tingling sensations
How does hypercalcemia work?
Increased Calcium lowers RMP inside cell making it harder to reach threshhold
How does hpyocalcmia work?
Decreased calcium highers RMP making it easier to reach threshold
Type 1 diabetes
Hyposecretion of insulin
caused by destruction of beta cells
Glucosuria - glucose in urine
polysuria - increased production of urine
treatments: insulin injections
Type 2 diabetes
Hyposensitive receptors caused by desensitisation of insulin receptor
Associated with obesity
Glucosuria - glucose in urine
polysuria - increased production of urine
Treaments - changes in diet and excerise (use stored sugars)
How is diabetes tested?
Several blood glucose measurements, not after eating
Why is there no disorders for glucagon?
Other hormones can increase blood glucose eg: GH, Adrenaline, cortisol
Can homeostatic set points change? if so how?
Yes
Change in altitude, increases blood count
change to different climate changes BMR
Fever Change in body temperature, temporary
