L26

Question 1

Where are neurotransmitters made in neurons?

Answer 1

Within the cell body and is transported to axon terminals in synaptic vesicles by motor proteins

Question 2

What are the two parts of the pituitary gland

Answer 2

poster and anterior lobes

Question 3

What controls the secretion of pituitary hormones? (both lobes)

Answer 3

Hypothalamus

Question 4

How does the hypothalamus control secretion of pituitary hormones?

Answer 4

Activation by neural input, the hypothalamus stimulates pituitary gland to secrete hormones

Question 5

What does pituitary hormones stimulate?

Answer 5

-target cells
-secretion of hormones by other endocrine glands

Question 6

How is the posterior lobe of pituitary gland connected to hypothalamus?

Answer 6

-connected by neurons
-secretes hormones into blood

Question 7

How is the hypothalamus and posterior lobe connected by neurons?

Answer 7

Cell body in hypothalamus and axon terminals in posterior lobe

Question 8

Where are posterior pituitary hormones made and stored?

Answer 8

-Hypothalamus as the cell body reside there
-travels down axon and stored in axon terminals until needed

Question 9

What are the two hormones secreted by posterior pituitary?

Answer 9

-Oxytocin
-Antidiuretic (ADH)

Bot are peptide hormones

Question 10

How is the rate of hormone secretion controlled by?

Answer 10

-Hypothalamus sends neural signals posterior lobe to secrete hormones

-Freq of AP lead to change in rate of release

Question 11

What does ADH do?

Answer 11

Stimulates kidneys to reabsorb water (prevent urine formation by reabsorbing water)

Question 12

Function of oxytocin

Answer 12

-Stimulates contraction of uterine muscles during childbirth (positive feedback)

-Stimulates milk release in breastfeeding

Question 13

How is the anterior pituitary and hypothalamus connected?

Answer 13

Blood vessels (hypophyseal portal system)

Question 14

What does the hypophyseal system do?

Answer 14

-Allows hormones produced in hypothalamus to be transported directly to anterior lobe without entering general circulation

Question 15

Explain the pathway of hypothalamus hormones to anterior pituitary lobe

Answer 15

-Short axon neurons release hypothalamus hormones into capillaries
-hormones travel through hypophyseal portal system into anterior lobe

Question 16

What does the hypothalamus hormones do to the anterior pituitary lobe?

Answer 16

After the releasing or inhibitory hormone reaches the appropriate cell,
-It stimulates or inhibits release of hormone from the pituitary gland

Question 17

Direct effects of growth hormone onto muscle

Answer 17

-Stimulates protein synthesis (long term) and inhibits cellular uptake of glucose (short term)

Question 18

Direct effects of growth hormone onto liver

Answer 18

Stimulates glucose synthesis (short term)

Question 19

Direct effects of growth hormone onto fat

Answer 19

Increases triglyceride breakdown in adipose tissue (short term)

Question 20

Indirect effects of growth hormone

Answer 20

-Promotes growth of bones, muscles and other tissues by release of IGF-1
-IGF-1 promotes cell division (long term)

Question 21

In summary GH has long term and short term effects on what?

Answer 21

long term: growth
Short term: metabolism

Question 22

When does the GH concentration peak during the day?

Answer 22

-during sleep

Question 23

When does GH concentration peak during lifetime

Answer 23

-puberty

Question 24

What is the hypothalamic hormone, releasing hormone for GH

Answer 24

GH-RH

Question 25

What is the hypothalamic hormone, inhibiting hormone for GH

Answer 25

GH-IH

Question 26

What is the hormone that liver releases?

Answer 26

IGF-1

Question 27

Growth hormone pathways

Answer 27

Question 28

Anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 28

Question 29

Anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 29

Question 30

Anterior pituitary hormones

Answer 30