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Endocrine system > L27 > Flashcards

L27 Flashcards

1
Q

Location thyroid gland?

A

-Just below larynx
-anterior and lateral surfaces of the trachea

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2
Q

What are the hormones secreted by thyroid gland? And functions

A

Thyroid Hormone- optimal metabolic activity
Calcitonin- Calcium homeostasis

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3
Q

follicles

A
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4
Q

Where are thyroid hormones made?

A

-Thyroid follicles

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5
Q

Where is calcitonin made?

A

-Clear cells

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6
Q

What is Thyroglobulin? TGB?

A

protein made in thyroid follicles and contrains tyrosine (Y)

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7
Q

purpose of iodine

A

Iodine enters follicle and iodises Tyrosine into T3 and T4

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8
Q

What does T3 do?

A

Active effects on target cells

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9
Q

what does T4 do?

A

Plentiful form, allows for steady supply of T3 hormones

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10
Q

What is the carrier protein which T3 and T4 is bound to?

A

Thyroid binding globulin TBG

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11
Q

What happens when Anterior Pituitary signals for release of thyroid hormone?

A
  • Cuts Thyroid hormone out of TGB protein
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12
Q

How is thyroid hormone stored?

A

Attached to TGB as T3 and T4 until needed

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13
Q

What is the carrier protein allowing transport via blood of T3 and T4?

A

-thyroid binding globulin (TBG)

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14
Q

What is the carrier protein allowing transport via blood of T3 and T4?

A

-thyroid binding globulin (TBG)

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15
Q
A
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16
Q

What is basal metabolic rate? BMR

A

Bodies rate of energy expenditure under basal conditions

17
Q

What is basal conditions

A

Resting, awake, lying down at comfortable temperature, fasted

18
Q

What is thyroid hormone required for?

A

-growth
-alertness
-metabolism

19
Q

What are the effects of metabolism from thyroid hormone?

A

-increase body heat production
-stimulates fatty acid oxidation (breakdown of fats)
-Proteolysis (breakdown of muscle)
-increases gluconeogenisis and glycoenolysis

20
Q

Does thyroid hormone increase or decrease blood glucose levels

A

Neither as the productions and usage of glucose is balanced

21
Q

How is the thyroid hormone stored?

A

Within follicles, TGB, tyrosine is iodised and stay attached to TGB until signalled otherwise

22
Q

Where does calcium enter and exit?

A

Eat calcium in food
exits in poop and urine

23
Q

Where does calcium come and go if we need more or less calcium

A

Resorption from bone (osteoclasts)
Deposition (osteoblasts)

24
Q

What are features that calcium controls

A

-muscle contraction
-synapse and release of neurotransmitters

25
Q

What three hormones can be involved in calcium regulations?

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
Calcitriol
Calcitonin

26
Q

Where does parathyroid hormone come from?

A

From parathyroid glands

27
Q

Where is the parathyroid located?

A

Posterior, beans on thyroid

28
Q
A
29
Q

What does calcitriol do?

A

-Amplifies effects of Kidney calcium reabsorption and bone break down
-Once amplified, inhibits production of more calcitriol

30
Q

What is the inner layer (red) and outer layer (yellow) of adrenal gland called?

A

inner - medulla
outer - cortex

31
Q

Where are the adrenal glands located?

A

Superior to kidneys

32
Q

There are three layers of the adrenal cortex what do they secrete

A

Outer: aldosterone
Middle: cortisol
inner: androgens

33
Q

What does the adrenal medulla secrete?

A

Adrenaline

34
Q

What effect does an increase of adrenaline have?

A

supplements the actions of sympathetic nervous system, in times of stress (fight or flight)

35
Q

What method does adrenaline use for hormonal effects?

A

Second messenger system

36
Q

Is adrenaline a lipid or water-soluble hormone? and is its response fast or slow?

A

Water soluble
Fast

37
Q
A

Endocrine system (8 decks)

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