Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ruminant Medicine Exam 3 (Spring 2016) > L27: Pt. 2 > Flashcards

L27: Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Parainfluenza virus type 3

A
  • viral respiratory disease of cattle
  • RNA virus
  • affects cattle, sheep, goats
  • short incubation period
  • ubiquitous but mild
  • destroys cilia on tracheal mucociliary escalator**
  • dx: PCR, serology, viral isolation
  • prevent with MLV or killed vaccine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus***

A
  • Pestivirus
  • causes destruction of ACQUIRED immunity (T cells, Peyer’s patches)**
  • get from contact with PI calf
  • infection subclinical or mild (similar to IBR)
  • can get oral/tracheal ulcers***
  • Prevent: MLV and killed vaccines
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Bovine coronavirus

A

Causes calf diarrhea, and Winter Dysentery in adult cattle

RESPIRATORY bovine coronavirus is a different strain and causes mild to moderately severe respiratory signs:

  • emerging dz
  • in dairy and feedlot calves
  • no vaccine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lower Resp Tract Diseases: 3 categories

A

1) Bronchopneumonia
- Enzootic calf pneumonia
- Shipping fever complex
- Sporadic occurrence in dairy cows

2) Metastatic pneumonia
- Vena caval thrombosis

3) Interstitial pneumonia
- ARDS
- Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
- Chronic interstitial pneumonia
- Parasitic pneumonia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Risk factors of enzootic calf pneumonia

A
  • FPT**
  • poor ventilation, overcrowding, poor sanitation, noxious gases, temp/humidity, commingling from different sources
  • nutritional deficiences (ie. Zn, selenium, Cu)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3 most important bacteria that cause Enzootic Calf Pneumonia***

A

1) Pasteurella multocida

2)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Vaccination for BRSV

A
  • core
  • MLV and killed vax available
  • MLV (with BHV1) given at feedlot entry
  • evidence of pneumonia prevention with use of vaccine on feedlots
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CS of enzootic calf pneumonia

A 
Fever
Cough
Nasal d/c
Ill thrift
Resp. Distress
Otitis media
Large airway sounds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Dx of calf pneumonia

A 
CS
Hematology
Nasal swab PCR for viral/mycoplasma
TTW
Rads or US
Necropsy: sharp demarcations on lungs
\+/- paired serum samples for viruses
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Tx of enzootic calf pneumonia

A
  • Abx
  • NSAIDs
  • nursing care
  • prognosis usually good (80-90% recovery)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Prevention of enzootic calf pneumonia

A
  • no shared airspace w/ older animals
  • lower humidity, temps
  • ammonia
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

most common cause of morbidity/mortality in feedlot cattle

A

Shipping Fever Complex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Preconditioning includes:

A

Vaccines:

  • MLV BHV1, BRSV, BVD, PIV-3
  • Lepto
  • Clostridial
  • Mannheimia bacterin-toxoid

Dewormer
Ear tags, branding, castration, dehorning, implants
Metaphylaxis
Vit. A/D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

CS of Shipping Fever Complex

A

(Peaks at 7-14 days after arrival)

  • dec. feed intake
  • isolation
  • inc. RR
  • ocular/nasal d/c
  • moist cough
  • fever
  • dyspnea, death
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Etiologic agents of Shipping Fever Complex

A

Viral:
-IBR, BRSV, BVDV, PI-3, Coronavirus

Bacterial:

  • mannheimia
  • pasteurella
  • histophilus
  • mycoplasma
  • trueperella
  • fusobacterium, etc.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica Properties

A
  • GN aerobic bacteria
  • A2 serotype normally in nasopharynx
  • A1 serotype occurs after stress
17
Q

Mannheimia haemolytica pathogenesis***

A
  • LPS initiates inflammatory cascade and increases expression of binding sites of leukotoxin
  • Leukotoxin causes cytolysis of platelets, lymphocytes, macs, and neuts***
  • results in fibrinopurulent/fibrinonecrotic bronchopneumonia** (UNIQUE TO MANNHEIMIA)
18
Q

Most common isolate from pneumonic lungs at necropsy of feedlot cattle**

A

Mannheimia haemolytica

-NOT commonly assoc. with enzootic calf pneumonia

19
Q

Pasteurella multocida

A
  • part of shipping fever complex
  • GN aerobic
  • produces LPS
  • also assoc. with enzootic calf pneumonia
  • causes purulent bronchopneumonia w/ cranioventral consolidation and purulent exudate
20
Q

Histophilus somni

A
  • part of shipping fever complex
  • GN aerobic bacteria
  • normal in resp. And genital mucosa
21
Q

Histophilus MOA and necropsy

A

Lipooligosaccharide –> formation of vasculitis and thrombi –> infarct, lung hemorrhage, thromboembolic meningoencephalitis, arthritis, abortion, otitis, endometritis, myocarditis, mastitis, laryngitis, etc.
-can affect many organs

Necropsy: cranioventral plum consolidation, infarcts/hemorrhage, fibrinous pleuritis + pleural effusion from bacteremic spread

22
Q

Mycoplasma

A
  • part of shipping fever complex
  • causes chronic, nonresponsive pneumonia
  • CS: fever, tachypnea, inappetance, resp. Distress, otitis, arthritis, tenosynovitis
23
Q

Mycoplasma MOA/necropsy

A

Attaches to ciliated epithelial cells, toxin increases vascular permeability –> direct impairment of neuts, mucociliary escalator

Necropsy: cranioventral lung consolidated, dark red, firm with white to yellow nodules

24
Q

Tertiary invaders in shipping fever complex

A

Trueperella (GP aerobic) –> foul smelling abscesses

Fusobacterium (GP anaerobic) –> opportunistic from eructated ruminal gas

25
Q

DART criteria for detection of SFC

A

Depression
Appetite
Respiration
Temperature

26
Q

Dx of SFC

A

CBC:

  • leukopenia and lymphopenia acutely
  • leukocytosis w/ L shift
  • high fibrinogen

Rads/US
TTW + aerobic culture
Necropsy

27
Q

Tx of SFC

A
  • Anti-inflammatory therapy (NSAIDs)
  • AVOID steroids
  • nutritional support (forage)
  • maintain hydration
28
Q

Prevention of SFC

A
  • preconditioning at least 3 wks before shipping
  • train to eat grain
  • avoid auction yards and overcrowding
  • rest before processing at feedlot
  • transition to concentrate
  • vaccination
29
Q

Antimicrobial metaphylaxis

A

Mass tx of animal pops. currently experiencing any lvl of dz before the onset of serious illness

  • decreases pathogen burden
  • therapeutic and prophylactic effect
  • goal = reduce individual dz severity and population dz incidence rates
30
Q

Indications for antimicrobial metaphylaxis

A

Light weight
Multiple origins
Previous health hx
Long transport

Environmental considerations: weather, transit conditions, time of year

31
Q

Most commonly used abx with antimicrobial metaphylaxis

A

Tilmicosin

Oxytetracycline

32
Q

Vaccination for SFC

A

Viruses: combo vaccine for IBR, BRSV, BVDV, PI-3

Bacterin vax effective for Histophilus but NOT Mannheimia

-Leukotoxin and surface Ag vax for Mannheimia more effective

33
Q

Pneumonia in adult dairy cattle most commonly seen with:**

A

Down cows with Milk Fever that have aspirated

-most common w/n 30 days of parturition

34
Q

Agents and CS of pneumonia in adult dairy cattle

A

Agents:

  • Trueperella
  • Pasteurella
  • Mycoplasma
  • Anaerobes

Dec. milk prod., appetite
Ketosis
wt. loss

35
Q

Tx/prognosis of pneumonia in adult dairy cattle

A

Tx: ceftiofur, Penicillin

Prognosis: guarded to poor, long-term therapy often required

Ruminant Medicine Exam 3 (Spring 2016) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions