Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Ruminant Medicine Exam 3 (Spring 2016) > L25: Ruminant Ophthalmology (Plummer) > Flashcards

L25: Ruminant Ophthalmology (Plummer) Flashcards

1
Q

Causes of ORBITAL inflammation and CS/Tx

A
  • trauma
  • FB
  • panophthalmitis
  • neoplasia (ie. Lymphoma)

CS: pain, anorexia, exophthalmos, pyrexia, leukocytosis
Tx: address 1ary cause, hot-packing, drainage, abx, enuc?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Causes of CORNEAL inflammation and CS/Tx

A
  • trauma, neoplasia
  • Infectious Bovine keratitis (pinkeye) by far most common**

CS: blepharospasm, epiphora, opacity, vascularization, uveitis
Tx: address 1ary cause, abx, enuc?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Infectious Bovine keratitis aka

A

Pinkeye
Contagious ophthalmia
New Forest Dz

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Etiology of IBK***

A
  • worldwide distr.
  • higher incidence in spring/summer
  • 2nd most common problem in calves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Other agents that presumably cause IBK

A 
Chlamydophila spp.
Mycoplasma
IBR virus
Branhamella spp.
Listeria monocytogenes
Thelazia spp.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

IBK predisposing factors

A
  • breed (Bos taurus)
  • age (young)
  • flies
  • mechanical/env. Irritants
  • UV radiation
  • concurrent infections
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

CS of IBK

A
  • keratitis/central ulceration
  • conjunctivitis
  • uveitis
  • blepharitis/photophobia
  • serous lacrimation

“24-48 hours after infection, they will become uncomfortable with blepharospasm and epiphora. Superficial corneal ulcer then develops due to cytololytic effects of bacteria. Days after, host response results in formation of abscess. Then, they will either heal or continue to decline and ulcer worsens”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Transmission of IBK

A
  • insects
  • mech. Vectors
  • direct contact
  • nasal aerosols
  • fomites
  • cow’s repro tract to calf’s eye
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Outcomes of IBK

A

1) resolution w/ corneal scar, keratoconus
2) progression to descemetocele/corneal rupture/synechia/cataract/blindness

(Synechia = iris adheres to cornea or lens)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Properties of Moraxella bovis

A
  • GN, nonmotile diplobacillus
  • hemolytic and nonhemolytic forms
  • UV can convert nonhemolytic, non-piliated form to piliated pathogenic hemolytic form
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Abx for Tx of IBK

A
  • Oxytetracycline and Telathromycin only approved tx
  • penicillin
  • florfenicol
  • ceftiofur
  • tilmicosin
  • clindamycin
  • ampicillin
  • gentamycin
  • sulfa
  • atropine, NSAIDs
  • can still be carriers even after abx given
  • oxytet has faster time to resolution of CS but has longer withdrawal time
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Tx of IBK

A
  • abx
  • prevention!!
  • husbandry (nutrition, fly control, reduce weeds/dust)
  • vaccinate susceptible animals/farms before fly/IBK season
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

2nd most common category of dz in bovids

A

Neoplasia

-lymphoma and SCC most commonly affect the eye

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Lymphoma affects what structures of the eye

A

Orbit
Uvea
Conjunctiva
(Systemic dz)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

SCC affects what structures of the eye

A 
Cornea
Conjunctiva
TE
Eyelid 
Orbit
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

CS of lymphoma of the eye

A
  • exophthalmic
  • thickened conjunctiva
  • edema in eye (if advanced)
17
Q

Lymphoma thought to be secondary to:

A

Infection with bovine leukemia virus

Bos taurus breeds more commonly affected

18
Q

Prognosis/tx of orbital lymphoma

A
  • poor prognosis

- tx: mainly paliative (can remove eye and orbital tissues to get cow to calving)

19
Q

Increased incidence of OSCC in what groups?

A
  • older
  • UV exposure
  • decreased periocular pigmentation
  • nutrition
  • irritation (chronic inflammation)
  • Bovine papillomavirus MAY be implicated
  • females? (Males don’t make it to age)
20
Q

70% of OSCC are located where on the eye

A

Globe

  • can invade the orbital bone, maxilla, frontal bone, anterior chamber
  • mets occur more often when SCC is affecting the vascular structures
21
Q

OSCC is a leading cause of carcass condemnation

A

:)

22
Q

Tx of OSCC

A
  • cryotherapy
  • enucleation/exenteration

Rarely used:

  • radiation therapy
  • hyperthermia
  • sx resection
  • immunotherapy
  • chemotherapy
  • prevention
  • early intervention
23
Q

Management protocol for OSCC

A
  • eval eyes of each animal over 2 yrs 2-3x/yr
  • treat all small SCC with cryo or hyperthermia
  • orbital exenteration for large lesions
  • invasive and/or metastatic SCC causes condemnation
24
Q

Common areas of concern for SR eyes

A
  • eyelids
  • cornea
  • systemic dz
25
Q

Toxins/teratogens resulting in ocular problems in SR ewe or young

A

1) veratrum californicum at day 14 gestation –> cyclopia, synophthalmia
2) Photosensitizing agents –> blepharitis
3) selenium –> microphalmia, cystic anomalies

26
Q

Entropion in SR

A
  • inherited in sheep
  • leads to 2ary keratitis
  • tx: temporary tacking, surgical correction
  • presents very young, usually in lower lid
  • should cull from breeding pop.
27
Q

Infectious keratoconjunctivitis

A
  • multifactorial dz with varied agents
  • due to poor husbandry, carriers
  • Causative agents: Chlamydia, Mycoplasma, Branhamella
28
Q

CS of Infectious KCS from CHLAMYDIA:**

A

Serous discharge initially, then becomes mucopurulent ~11 days post-infection. Then will either clear or get worse with corneal infiltrates

  • Only 10% of individuals will get keratitis
  • Worse in stressful times of year (lambing/kidding season)
29
Q

CS of Infectious KCS from MYCOPLASMA:**

A

-MAJORITY develop keratitis***

Sheep usually get worse CS than goats**:
-sheep get conjunctivitis which can turn into keratitis + uveitis, ulceration, whereas goats don’t usually get uveitis or ulceration

30
Q

Dx of infectious KCS

A
  • CS
  • Cytology: see intra-cytoplasmic “speckles” if have Branhamella, and phagocytized neuts with Mycoplasma**
  • Culture
  • IFA
  • PCR
31
Q

Tx of Infectious KCS

A
  • oxytetracycline (most commonly used)
  • tetracycline
  • tx secondary uveitis with atropine, NSAIDs
  • better husbandry and eliminate carriers
32
Q

Common areas of concern in camelid eyes

A
  • cornea
  • nasolacrimal system (more commonly have incomplete system)
  • uvea
  • lens
  • very similar to HORSE in tx protocols!
  • more susceptible to systemic dzs that more commonly result in uveitis than in other species
33
Q

Camelid cornea predisposed to:

A
  • ulcerative keratitis
  • endothelial degeneration
  • tx same as in horse!
  • culture, cytology, put SPL in, treat topically
  • susceptible to same types of surface infections
  • endothelium sensitive and can develop permanent corneal edema
  • can do sx therapy and apply conj flaps
34
Q

Common areas of concern

A
  • orbit
  • cornea
  • adnexa

Ruminant Medicine Exam 3 (Spring 2016) (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions