L25 Genetics of Complex Disease Flashcards
Most biological traits involve the effects of…
Multiple genes
Predictive statements based on genetic data are…
Slowly improving
The methylation of cytosine in DNA can…
Regulate gene expression
Fetal life experience:
a) Does not alter gene expression
b) Can have lifelong effects on gene expression
c) Has permanent effects on the genetic sequence
b) Can have lifelong effects on gene expression
Mitochondria lack…
DNA repair
The wearing out of mitochondrial DNA is important to…
Age related diseases
Telomeres reflect the effects of both…
Short and long term stress
The human telomeric sequence is…
TTAGGG
The UK Biobank contains…
500,000 DNA samples linked to long-term health surveillance
Defective mitochondrial function is often associated with…
Cancer
Intestinal lactase (i.e. lactose tolerance in adults) is an example of…
Convergent evolution
(a variety of different mutations achieve the same effect in different populations. They occur in a similar location, disrupting the lactase ‘off’ switch)
Epigenetics concerns heritable changes which do not…
Result from changes in DNA base sequence
GWAS stands for…
Genome Wide Association Study
Why is simply sequencing genomes not enough to provide a complete understanding of complex diseases?
- Most observed spelling changes have no effect
- Most of the genome produces non-coding (‘junk’) DNA (what does it do?)
- Disease influenced by the interactions of multiple genes and the environment
