L14-15 Genome Evolution & Gene Families Flashcards
Syntenic genes
Genes grouped the same way on the chromosomes of 2 or more different species
Synteny block
Chromosomal regions containing homologous genes between two species
Inward translocation
Rearrangement of material within a chromosome
Pericentric inversion
Inversion of the sequence around the middle that includes the centromere
Reciprocal translocation
Rearrangement of material between non-homologous chromosomes (as opposed to between homologous chromosomes, which is recombination)
Translocation may result in either…
Balanced or unbalanced products from meiosis
Unbalanced translocation means material was not…
Swapped equally, chromosomes may have extra or missing pieces
15% of Acute Myelogenous Leukemia have an alteration in karyotype…
Translocation between chromosomes 8 and 21 [t(8;21)]
The mutation seen in 15% of AML cases is known as a…
Dominant negative mutant (because it has negative effects)
Chromosome fusion is when…
Two telocentric chromosomes fuse to make a new chromosome (such as human CH2)
In Robertsonian translocation
Short arms of 2 acrocentric chromosomes are lost, resulting in the fusion of the remaining long arms to form one big chromosome.
Paracentric inversion
An inversion which does not include the centromere
If essential information is on the short arms of chromosomes when Robertsonian translocation occurs…
No phenotype generated
A common chromosome stain used to distinguish between regions depending on the distribution of base pairs
Gimsa
Changes to the genome are the result of…
Mistakes!
