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Genetics > L11 Eukaryotic Genes and their Transcripts > Flashcards

L11 Eukaryotic Genes and their Transcripts Flashcards

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1
Q

In prokaryotes, multiple genes are affected by…

A

A single promoter

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2
Q

In prokaryotes, because the mRNA contains clusters of multiple genes it is known as…

A

Polycistronic

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3
Q

In eukaryotes mRNA codes for a single protein so it is known as…

A

Monocistronic

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4
Q

The clustering of similar genes in prokaryotes allows their…

A

Coordinated expression

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5
Q

Genes located together in prokaryotes are often involved in…

A

Similar pathways

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6
Q

In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotes perform extensive…

A

Post-transcriptional modification

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7
Q

An example of post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes is the addition of the (2)…

A

5’ cap and Poly(A)

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8
Q

The prokaryotic promoter binds to a…

A

Sigma factor

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9
Q

The sigma factor positions the RNA polymerase allowing…

A

Initiation to occur

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10
Q

The sigma factor and RNA polymerase complex is known as the…

A

Holoenzyme

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11
Q

Eukaryotes have ( one / none / multiple ) RNA polymerases

A

Multiple

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12
Q

RNA polymerase II transcribes which type of genes?

A

Protein coding genes

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13
Q

The TATA box is a promoter sequence for RNA polymerase II. It is bound by the…

A

TFIID complex

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14
Q

The TFIID complex recruits the…

A

Transcription factors and RNA polymerase II itself

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15
Q

RNA is cleaved 10-35 nucleotides downstream from the sequence…

A

AAUAAA

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16
Q

Prokaryotes can alter gene expression by alternative sigma factors, which affect…

A

The expression of a whole set of genes

17
Q

In eukaryotes gene expression can be altered by many different…

A

Transcription factors

18
Q

In eukaryotes, transcription factors can ( increase / decrease / increase OR decrease ) gene expression

A

Increase OR decrease

19
Q

In eukaryotes ( many / few / only one ) stimuli can regulate each promoter and therefore a specific gene

A

Many

20
Q

We can analyse patterns of transcription using a…

A

Microarray

21
Q

Gene expression patterns are important to (3)…

A

Development and cell differentiation, but also cancer

22
Q

Eukaryotic genes contain introns and exons. Introns are removed from the pre-mRNA by…

A

Spliceosomes / Splicing

23
Q

Mutations in ( introns / axons / both ) can affect the protein product

A

Both

Mutations in intron may influence the pattern of splicing and mutations in second modify the coding sequence directly

24
Q

Splicing allows a single gene to…

A

Express multiple proteins

25
Q

While the human genome only contains 20-25,000 genes, due to alternative promoters, splicing, mRNA editing and post-translational modifications, the human proteome consists of more than…

A

1,000,000 different proteins!

26
Q

The small subunit (ssu) of the ribosome…

A

Reads the mRNA

27
Q

The large subunit (lsu) of the ribosome…

A

Contains the synthetic peptide transferase centre, which makes the peptide bonds

28
Q

In prokaryotes translation (can / cannot) affect transcription

A

Can

29
Q

Prokaryotic ribosomes bind to the

A

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

30
Q

Eukaryotic ribosomes bind to the

A

5’ cap

31
Q

In eukaryotes translation cannot affect transcription because…

A

Transcription occurs in the nucleus

32
Q

The sequence involved in the initiation of translation in eukaryotes is known as the…

A

Kozak sequence

33
Q

Transcription relies on a…

A

Promoter

34
Q

The promoter binds to…

A

Transcription factors

Genetics (19 decks)

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