L11 Eukaryotic Genes and their Transcripts

Question 1

In prokaryotes, multiple genes are affected by…

Answer 1

A single promoter

Question 2

In prokaryotes, because the mRNA contains clusters of multiple genes it is known as…

Answer 2

Polycistronic

Question 3

In eukaryotes mRNA codes for a single protein so it is known as…

Answer 3

Monocistronic

Question 4

The clustering of similar genes in prokaryotes allows their…

Answer 4

Coordinated expression

Question 5

Genes located together in prokaryotes are often involved in…

Answer 5

Similar pathways

Question 6

In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotes perform extensive…

Answer 6

Post-transcriptional modification

Question 7

An example of post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes is the addition of the (2)…

Answer 7

5’ cap and Poly(A)

Question 8

The prokaryotic promoter binds to a…

Answer 8

Sigma factor

Question 9

The sigma factor positions the RNA polymerase allowing…

Answer 9

Initiation to occur

Question 10

The sigma factor and RNA polymerase complex is known as the…

Answer 10

Holoenzyme

Question 11

Eukaryotes have ( one / none / multiple ) RNA polymerases

Answer 11

Multiple

Question 12

RNA polymerase II transcribes which type of genes?

Answer 12

Protein coding genes

Question 13

The TATA box is a promoter sequence for RNA polymerase II. It is bound by the…

Answer 13

TFIID complex

Question 14

The TFIID complex recruits the…

Answer 14

Transcription factors and RNA polymerase II itself

Question 15

RNA is cleaved 10-35 nucleotides downstream from the sequence…

Answer 15

AAUAAA

Question 16

Prokaryotes can alter gene expression by alternative sigma factors, which affect…

Answer 16

The expression of a whole set of genes

Question 17

In eukaryotes gene expression can be altered by many different…

Answer 17

Transcription factors

Question 18

In eukaryotes, transcription factors can ( increase / decrease / increase OR decrease ) gene expression

Answer 18

Increase OR decrease

Question 19

In eukaryotes ( many / few / only one ) stimuli can regulate each promoter and therefore a specific gene

Answer 19

Many

Question 20

We can analyse patterns of transcription using a…

Answer 20

Microarray

Question 21

Gene expression patterns are important to (3)…

Answer 21

Development and cell differentiation, but also cancer

Question 22

Eukaryotic genes contain introns and exons. Introns are removed from the pre-mRNA by…

Answer 22

Spliceosomes / Splicing

Question 23

Mutations in ( introns / axons / both ) can affect the protein product

Answer 23

Both

Mutations in intron may influence the pattern of splicing and mutations in second modify the coding sequence directly

Question 24

Splicing allows a single gene to…

Answer 24

Express multiple proteins

Question 25

While the human genome only contains 20-25,000 genes, due to alternative promoters, splicing, mRNA editing and post-translational modifications, the human proteome consists of more than...

Answer 25

1,000,000 different proteins!

Question 26

The small subunit (ssu) of the ribosome...

Answer 26

Reads the mRNA

Question 27

The large subunit (lsu) of the ribosome...

Answer 27

Contains the synthetic peptide transferase centre, which makes the peptide bonds

Question 28

In prokaryotes translation (can / cannot) affect transcription

Answer 28

Can

Question 29

Prokaryotic ribosomes bind to the

Answer 29

Shine-Dalgarno sequence

Question 30

Eukaryotic ribosomes bind to the

Answer 30

5' cap

Question 31

In eukaryotes translation cannot affect transcription because...

Answer 31

Transcription occurs in the nucleus

Question 32

The sequence involved in the initiation of translation in eukaryotes is known as the...

Answer 32

Kozak sequence

Question 33

Transcription relies on a...

Answer 33

Promoter

Question 34

The promoter binds to...

Answer 34

Transcription factors