L11 Eukaryotic Genes and their Transcripts Flashcards
In prokaryotes, multiple genes are affected by…
A single promoter
In prokaryotes, because the mRNA contains clusters of multiple genes it is known as…
Polycistronic
In eukaryotes mRNA codes for a single protein so it is known as…
Monocistronic
The clustering of similar genes in prokaryotes allows their…
Coordinated expression
Genes located together in prokaryotes are often involved in…
Similar pathways
In contrast to prokaryotes, eukaryotes perform extensive…
Post-transcriptional modification
An example of post-transcriptional modification in eukaryotes is the addition of the (2)…
5’ cap and Poly(A)
The prokaryotic promoter binds to a…
Sigma factor
The sigma factor positions the RNA polymerase allowing…
Initiation to occur
The sigma factor and RNA polymerase complex is known as the…
Holoenzyme
Eukaryotes have ( one / none / multiple ) RNA polymerases
Multiple
RNA polymerase II transcribes which type of genes?
Protein coding genes
The TATA box is a promoter sequence for RNA polymerase II. It is bound by the…
TFIID complex
The TFIID complex recruits the…
Transcription factors and RNA polymerase II itself
RNA is cleaved 10-35 nucleotides downstream from the sequence…
AAUAAA
Prokaryotes can alter gene expression by alternative sigma factors, which affect…
The expression of a whole set of genes
In eukaryotes gene expression can be altered by many different…
Transcription factors
In eukaryotes, transcription factors can ( increase / decrease / increase OR decrease ) gene expression
Increase OR decrease
In eukaryotes ( many / few / only one ) stimuli can regulate each promoter and therefore a specific gene
Many
We can analyse patterns of transcription using a…
Microarray
Gene expression patterns are important to (3)…
Development and cell differentiation, but also cancer
Eukaryotic genes contain introns and exons. Introns are removed from the pre-mRNA by…
Spliceosomes / Splicing
Mutations in ( introns / axons / both ) can affect the protein product
Both
Mutations in intron may influence the pattern of splicing and mutations in second modify the coding sequence directly
Splicing allows a single gene to…
Express multiple proteins
While the human genome only contains 20-25,000 genes, due to alternative promoters, splicing, mRNA editing and post-translational modifications, the human proteome consists of more than…
1,000,000 different proteins!
The small subunit (ssu) of the ribosome…
Reads the mRNA
The large subunit (lsu) of the ribosome…
Contains the synthetic peptide transferase centre, which makes the peptide bonds
In prokaryotes translation (can / cannot) affect transcription
Can
Prokaryotic ribosomes bind to the
Shine-Dalgarno sequence
Eukaryotic ribosomes bind to the
5’ cap
In eukaryotes translation cannot affect transcription because…
Transcription occurs in the nucleus
The sequence involved in the initiation of translation in eukaryotes is known as the…
Kozak sequence
Transcription relies on a…
Promoter
The promoter binds to…
Transcription factors
