L2.1: Development of the Nervous System

Question 1

Morphogenesis

Answer 1

Patterning of neural tube

Question 2

Neurulation

Answer 2

Formation of a rudimentary nervous system: The folding process in vertebrate embryos which includes the transformation of the neural plate into the neural tube. The embryo at this stage is termed the neurula.

Question 3

Neurogenesis:

Answer 3

Production of neurons and glia from precursor cells

Question 4

True or false: Neural tissue is derived from the ectoderm, which is also the source of the epidermis.

Answer 4

True.

Question 5

Epidermal fate is determined by

Answer 5

local bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling

Question 6

Neural fate, rather than epidermal, is determined by

Answer 6

Signals from “organiser” region (e.g. Ng-Noggin, Chd - Chordin) that block the BMP signal, thereby inducing neural fate

Question 7

At the rostral end, the neural tube divides to form which three segments?

Answer 7

Prosencephalon (forebrain) Mesencephalon (midbrain) Rhombencephalon (hindbrain)

Question 8

Prosencephalon splits into:

Answer 8

Telencephalon and Diencephalon

Question 9

Rhombencephalon splits into:

Answer 9

Metencephalon Myelencephalon

Question 10

What induces the the patterning centre of the roof plate

Answer 10

the overlying ectoderm

Question 11

Roof plate secretes which dorsalising morphogens

Answer 11

BMP, FGF, Wnts

Question 12

What induces the floor plate

Answer 12

The underlying notocord

Question 13

The floor plate secretes which ventralising morphogens

Answer 13

sonic hedgehog (legit)

Question 14

Neuroepithelium

Answer 14

Primary germinal zone lining the ventricular system of the developing CNS

Question 15

Symmetric divisions:

Answer 15

Self-renewal of progenitor cells Expand neuroepithelium progenitor pool (early) or give rise to two neurons (late) Produce two identical daughter cells

Question 16

Asymmetric divisions:

Answer 16

Radial glia (RG) divide and produce: Another RG (self-renewal) and A differentiated neuron that cannot produce more neurons; produce two different daughter cells

Question 17

True or false: The deepest layers of the cortical plate are produced last.

Answer 17

False, the deepest layers of the cortical plate are produced last.

Question 18

Cortical inhibitory interneurons are produced in the

Answer 18

basal forebrain (MGE – medial ganglionic eminence) and migrate and then integrate into the developing cortical layers

Question 19

Olfactory bulb neuroblasts migrate along the

Answer 19

rostral migratory stream (red arrow)

Question 20

Cerebellar granule cell precursors migrate from the

Answer 20

rhombic lip

Question 21

True or false: Neurogenesis precedes gliogenesis

Answer 21

True

Question 22

The tip of a growing axon is called the

Answer 22

growth cone

Question 23

True or false:

Synapse formation and myelination occur post-natally

Answer 23

True

Question 24

True or false:

Neuronal migration and proliferation can occur after birth

Answer 24

False