L2 - stem cell biology

Question 1

stem cell function

Answer 1

development and cell replacement

Question 2

two division of stem cell

Answer 2

asymmetric

symmetric

Question 3

asymmetric divsion produces what cells

Answer 3

one identical cell to the parent

• another not identical
• used for maintenance of the cells in teh body

Question 4

symmetric divsion produces what cells

Answer 4

2 cells both identical > used for expansion

Question 5

what is it called when the SC is dormant and not going through cell division

Answer 5

Quiescence

Question 6

what is the SC niche

Answer 6

• environment where there are extrinic and intrinsic factors regulating the SC

Question 7

eg of exntrinsic factors

Answer 7

neighboruing cells

• orientation
• GFs

Question 8

eg of intrinsic factors

Answer 8

GR receptors
transcriptional regulators
cell cycle regulators

Question 9

stem cells differ by what

Answer 9

origin

potentials

Question 10

origins of SC

Answer 10

embyronic and adult

Question 11

different potentials of SC

Answer 11

toti, pluri, multi potent

Question 12

definition of totipotent cells

Answer 12

give rise to ANY to ALL humans cells

- cell is totipotent until the 8 cell stage

Question 13

definition of pluripotent cells

Answer 13

give rise to all tissues types but to an organism

- can be taken out of the ICM

Question 14

definition of multipotent cells

Answer 14

give rise to cell within a tissue type like progenitors

Question 15

example of feeder layers to have the SC remain pluripotent in vitro

Answer 15

mouse embryonic fibroblasts

Question 16

TFs needed for pluripotentcy

Answer 16

OCT4
Sox2
Nanog

Question 17

function of Sox2

Answer 17

involved in embryonic development

Question 18

function of Nanog

Answer 18

involved in self renewal of undifferentiated ESCs

Question 19

how are these main TFs regulated

Answer 19

when there is a lot of a TF, downregulates itself

Question 20

what is LIF and its function

Answer 20

acitivates Jak/Stat pathway to maintain the pluripotentcy

Question 21

what genes are turned on in an undifferentiaed cell

Answer 21

gene associated with pluripotency

Question 22

what genes are turned on in a differentiaed cell

Answer 22

cell lineage specific gene on