L2 Encoding

Question 1

What is encoding ?

Answer 1

What gets into our memory
E.g. Simon and Emmons 1956

Question 2

Can we learn whilst unconscious ?

Answer 2

Can’t learn when asleep
Levinson created a mock crisis when under anaesthesia
Hypnotised a month later and some found to be able to recall the event but not all
Ethical considerations, no control, suggestibility under hypnosis

Question 3

What is the idea that we only remember what we want to ?

Answer 3

Memory of common objects is surprisingly poor
Weapon focus - attention focuses on only the attackers knife and not his face

Question 4

What are the limitations to encoding strategies ?

Answer 4

Even with hours of training and improving encoding, it does not improve memory, it is still 7+/-2
No evidence for sleep learning
No evidence for explicit recall after anaesthesia
Attending to central information can come at a cost of peripheral information

Question 5

What did Simon and Emmons (1956) find when they played questions and answers to participants overnight ?

Answer 5

Some information when learnt when drowsy
No effect when asleep

Question 6

What is Jacoby’s (1991) Process Dissociation Procedure ?

Answer 6

Inclusion = recollection + automatic memory
Exclusion = automatic memory
Recollection = inclusion - exclusion

Question 7

What did Iselin-Chaves (2005) find about implicit memory ?

Answer 7

It increases with EEG bispectral index