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MoD > L19 - Tumour Classification > Flashcards

L19 - Tumour Classification Flashcards

1
Q

Name 2 types of benign epithelial tumour

A
  • papilloma (SURFACE EPITHELIUM)

- adenoma (GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM)

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2
Q

What is the name of a benign tumour of squamous epithelium e.g. skin?

A

Squamous cell papilloma

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3
Q

What is the name of a benign tumour of the ductal epithelium of the pancreas?

A

Pancreatic cystadenoma

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4
Q

What are the exceptions to the normal rules of naming benign epithelial tumours?

A
  • melanoma
  • lymphoma
  • seminoma
  • mesothelioma
    etc
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5
Q

What are malignant epithelial tumours called?

A

Carcinomas

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6
Q

How are malignant epithelial tumours derived from surface epithelial named?

A

By prefixing carcinoma with the cell of origin eg. squamous cell carcinoma

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7
Q

What is the name for malignant tumours derived from glandular/ductular epithelium?

A

Adenocarcinomas

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8
Q

Name a benign tumour of stratified squamous epithelium eg. skin, oropharynx etc.

A

Squamous cell papilloma

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9
Q

Name a bening tumour of basal cells of the skin

A

Basal cell papilloma

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10
Q

Name a benign tumour of transitional epithelium of the bladder

A

Transitional cell papilloma

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11
Q

Name a benign tumour of glandular epithelium of liver

A

Liver cell adenoma

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12
Q

Name a benign tumour of glandular epithelium of thyroid

A

Follicular adenoma

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13
Q

Name a malignant tumour of basal cells of the skin

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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14
Q

Name a malignant tumour of glandular epithelium of colon

A

Colonic adenocarcinoma

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15
Q

Name a malignant tumour of glandular epithelium of breast

A

Breast adenocarcinoma

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16
Q

what is the rule for classifying benign mesenchymal tumours?

A

Prefix = tissue or cell of origin

Suffix = ‘-oma’

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17
Q

What is a benign tumour of bone?

A

Osteoma

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18
Q

What is a benign tumour of adipose tissue?

A

Lipoma

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19
Q

What is a benign tumour of smooth muscle?

A

Leiomyoma

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20
Q

What is a benign tumour of skeletal muscle?

A

Rhabdomyoma

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21
Q

What is a benign tumour of a blood vessel?

A

Angioma / haemangioma

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22
Q

What is a benign tumour of cartilage?

A

Chondroma

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23
Q

What is a benign tumour of fibrous tissue?

24
Q

What are malignant mesenchymal tumours called?

25
Q

How are malignant mesenchymal tumours named?

A

Prefix = tissue or cell of origin

Suffix = ‘-sarcoma’

26
Q

What is a malignant tumour of adipose tissue?

A

Liposarcoma

27
Q

What is a malignant tumour of smooth muscle?

A

Leiomyosarcoma

28
Q

What is a malignant tumour of cartilage?

A

Chondrosarcoma

29
Q

What is a benign tumour of melanoyctes called?

A

Melanocytic nevus

30
Q

What is a malignant tumour of melanocytes called?

31
Q

Name 3 types of malignant tumour of blood cells

A
  • leukaemia
  • lymphoma
  • myeloma
32
Q

Name 5 types of CNS tumours

A
  • meningioma
  • astrocytoma
  • oligoendroglioma
  • ependymoma
  • medulloblastoma
33
Q

What is a meningioma?

A

Arises from meningeal tissue of brain (usually benign)

34
Q

What is an astrocytoma?

A

Arise from the star-shaped glial cells called astrocytes

35
Q

Name a type of astrocytoma

A

Glioblastoma multiforme (most common and most malignant of the glial tumours)

36
Q

What is an oligoendroglioma?

A

Originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell

37
Q

What is an ependymoma?

A

Arises from the ependyma, a tissue of the central nervous system

38
Q

Where are germ cell tumours common?

39
Q

How can germ cell tumours be divided?

A
  • seminomatous

- non-seminomatous

40
Q

Give an example of a seminomatous germ cell tumour

41
Q

Give an example of a non-seminomatous germ cell tumours

A

Teratoma (teeth/hair/muscle/neural/cartilage)

42
Q

What are the features of embryonal tumours?

A
  • occur in very young (under 5)

- have a histological resemblance to embryonic cells of that organ

43
Q

Give 4 examples of embryonal tumours

A
  • retinoblastoma (in eye)
  • nephroblastoma (Wilm’s tumour of kidney)
  • neuroblastoma (adrenal medulla or nerve ganglia)
  • hepatoblastoma (liver)
44
Q

What is a carcinosarcoma?

A

Malignant tumors that consist of a mixture of carcinoma (or epithelial cancer) and sarcoma (or mesenchymal/connective tissue cancer) eg. in ovaries

45
Q

Name 4 malignant tumours with benign names

A
  • melanoma
  • mesothelioma
  • myeloma
  • lymphoma
46
Q

What is a hamartoma?

A
  • non-neoplastic overgrowth of normal tissue
  • indigenous to the site of occurrence
  • developmental abnormalities
  • eg. lung hamartoma
47
Q

Hamartomas usually consist of what?

A

2 mature cell types normally found in the organ in which the lesion lies e.g. lung hamartoma = cartilage and bronchial epithelium

48
Q

What is a choristoma?

A
  • excess of normal tissue in an abnormal situation
  • nodules of organ parenchyma in another organ
  • aka. heterotropic rests
  • eg. normal (non-neoplastic) pancreas nodule in stomach
49
Q

what is a primary tumour?

A

tumour has arisen in organ of mutation

50
Q

what is a secondary tumour?

A

tumour has escaped original environment via lymphatic/vascular
system setting up another metastatic deposit in the body

51
Q

what is the name of a benign tumour of surface (non-glandular / non-secretory) epithelium?

52
Q

what is the name of a Benign tumour of glandular / secretory epithelium?

53
Q

what is the suffix for a benign epithelial tumour?

54
Q

what is the rule for classifying benign epithelial tumours?

A

CELL TYPE of origin (eg squamous/colonic) → surface/glandular (Papill-/aden-) → suffix: -oma

55
Q

what is the rule for classifying malignant epithelial tumours?

A

Named by prefixing ‘carcinoma’ with epithelial cell of origin

e.g. BASAL CELL CARCINOMA

56
Q

what is the rule for classifying malignant epithelial tumours of secretory epithelium?

A

Named by prefixing ‘adenocarcinoma’ with epithelial cell of origin

MoD (19 decks)

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