L19 - Tumour Classification Flashcards
Name 2 types of benign epithelial tumour
- papilloma (SURFACE EPITHELIUM)
- adenoma (GLANDULAR EPITHELIUM)
What is the name of a benign tumour of squamous epithelium e.g. skin?
Squamous cell papilloma
What is the name of a benign tumour of the ductal epithelium of the pancreas?
Pancreatic cystadenoma
What are the exceptions to the normal rules of naming benign epithelial tumours?
- melanoma
- lymphoma
- seminoma
- mesothelioma
etc
What are malignant epithelial tumours called?
Carcinomas
How are malignant epithelial tumours derived from surface epithelial named?
By prefixing carcinoma with the cell of origin eg. squamous cell carcinoma
What is the name for malignant tumours derived from glandular/ductular epithelium?
Adenocarcinomas
Name a benign tumour of stratified squamous epithelium eg. skin, oropharynx etc.
Squamous cell papilloma
Name a bening tumour of basal cells of the skin
Basal cell papilloma
Name a benign tumour of transitional epithelium of the bladder
Transitional cell papilloma
Name a benign tumour of glandular epithelium of liver
Liver cell adenoma
Name a benign tumour of glandular epithelium of thyroid
Follicular adenoma
Name a malignant tumour of basal cells of the skin
Basal cell carcinoma
Name a malignant tumour of glandular epithelium of colon
Colonic adenocarcinoma
Name a malignant tumour of glandular epithelium of breast
Breast adenocarcinoma
what is the rule for classifying benign mesenchymal tumours?
Prefix = tissue or cell of origin
Suffix = ‘-oma’
What is a benign tumour of bone?
Osteoma
What is a benign tumour of adipose tissue?
Lipoma
What is a benign tumour of smooth muscle?
Leiomyoma
What is a benign tumour of skeletal muscle?
Rhabdomyoma
What is a benign tumour of a blood vessel?
Angioma / haemangioma
What is a benign tumour of cartilage?
Chondroma
What is a benign tumour of fibrous tissue?
Fibroma
What are malignant mesenchymal tumours called?
Sarcomas
How are malignant mesenchymal tumours named?
Prefix = tissue or cell of origin
Suffix = ‘-sarcoma’
What is a malignant tumour of adipose tissue?
Liposarcoma
What is a malignant tumour of smooth muscle?
Leiomyosarcoma
What is a malignant tumour of cartilage?
Chondrosarcoma
What is a benign tumour of melanoyctes called?
Melanocytic nevus
What is a malignant tumour of melanocytes called?
Melanoma
Name 3 types of malignant tumour of blood cells
- leukaemia
- lymphoma
- myeloma
Name 5 types of CNS tumours
- meningioma
- astrocytoma
- oligoendroglioma
- ependymoma
- medulloblastoma
What is a meningioma?
Arises from meningeal tissue of brain (usually benign)
What is an astrocytoma?
Arise from the star-shaped glial cells called astrocytes
Name a type of astrocytoma
Glioblastoma multiforme (most common and most malignant of the glial tumours)
What is an oligoendroglioma?
Originate from the oligodendrocytes of the brain or from a glial precursor cell
What is an ependymoma?
Arises from the ependyma, a tissue of the central nervous system
Where are germ cell tumours common?
Gonads
How can germ cell tumours be divided?
- seminomatous
- non-seminomatous
Give an example of a seminomatous germ cell tumour
Seminoma
Give an example of a non-seminomatous germ cell tumours
Teratoma (teeth/hair/muscle/neural/cartilage)
What are the features of embryonal tumours?
- occur in very young (under 5)
- have a histological resemblance to embryonic cells of that organ
Give 4 examples of embryonal tumours
- retinoblastoma (in eye)
- nephroblastoma (Wilm’s tumour of kidney)
- neuroblastoma (adrenal medulla or nerve ganglia)
- hepatoblastoma (liver)
What is a carcinosarcoma?
Malignant tumors that consist of a mixture of carcinoma (or epithelial cancer) and sarcoma (or mesenchymal/connective tissue cancer) eg. in ovaries
Name 4 malignant tumours with benign names
- melanoma
- mesothelioma
- myeloma
- lymphoma
What is a hamartoma?
- non-neoplastic overgrowth of normal tissue
- indigenous to the site of occurrence
- developmental abnormalities
- eg. lung hamartoma
Hamartomas usually consist of what?
2 mature cell types normally found in the organ in which the lesion lies e.g. lung hamartoma = cartilage and bronchial epithelium
What is a choristoma?
- excess of normal tissue in an abnormal situation
- nodules of organ parenchyma in another organ
- aka. heterotropic rests
- eg. normal (non-neoplastic) pancreas nodule in stomach
what is a primary tumour?
tumour has arisen in organ of mutation
what is a secondary tumour?
tumour has escaped original environment via lymphatic/vascular
system setting up another metastatic deposit in the body
what is the name of a benign tumour of surface (non-glandular / non-secretory) epithelium?
papilloma
what is the name of a Benign tumour of glandular / secretory epithelium?
ADENOMA
what is the suffix for a benign epithelial tumour?
-oma
what is the rule for classifying benign epithelial tumours?
CELL TYPE of origin (eg squamous/colonic) → surface/glandular (Papill-/aden-) → suffix: -oma
what is the rule for classifying malignant epithelial tumours?
Named by prefixing ‘carcinoma’ with epithelial cell of origin
e.g. BASAL CELL CARCINOMA
what is the rule for classifying malignant epithelial tumours of secretory epithelium?
Named by prefixing ‘adenocarcinoma’ with epithelial cell of origin
