L19 - Sexually transmitted infections Flashcards
STI full name
Sexually transmitted infection
Recent Issues in STI in Hong Kong
- Resurgence of syphilis
- Gonorrhoea: Increase in plasmid and chromosomal mediated resistance
- Chlamydia trachomatis: remain a difficult infection to confirm
- Human papillovirus: associated with genital malignancies
- HIV: clusters of same sex transmission
Definition of STI
diseases that are transmitted by sexual contact
STI that may be transmitted via non-sexual routes
HIV, syphilis also transmitted by blood transfusion or needle stick injury.
What is unique about STI
1) Transmitted by sexual contact
2) Some (e.g. HIV, syphilis) may be transmitted by blood transfusion or needle stick injury
3) STI do not ‘travel alone’
4) Many STIs are asymptomatic
5) The nature of infection acquisition (sexual) interferes with necessary history taking and counselling, especially when not performed in an non-judgemental fashion
Euphemism of prostitute
Commercial sex workers
CSW full name
Commercial sex workers
Euphemism of STI clinics
Social Hygiene Clinics
Which department are social hygiene clinics under in Hong Kong?
Department of Health
Which groups (by occupation) constitute the most in social hygiene clinic attendees?
Service worker and shop sales workers; Housewives; Unemployed; Elementary occupations
Factors affecting the rate of movement of an STI through the population
1) Efficiency of transmission
2) The rate of new sex partner acquisition and partner’s sexual history
3) The duration of infectiousness
Encounter of STI pathogens/agents
Practically never found free in the environment (not free-living) as they do not survive in the environment (as they are very sensitive to drying, disinfectant & heat)
No animal reservoir, only asymptomatic human carriers as reservoir
Therefore - cannot be environmental encounter (e.g. toilet seat or hot tub)
Why don’t STI agents survive in the environment?
As they are very sensitive to drying, disinfectant and heat
Reservoir of STI agents
Asymptomatic human carrier; no animal reservoir
Entry of STI agents
- Enter through mucous membrane (columnar epithelium) or minute abrasions in skin surface (squamous epithelium)
- Enter at local sites (vagina, cervix, urethra, rectum, or pharynx)
- Tend to cause primary lesions at or near the site of entry