L14 - Glomerular diseases Flashcards
Glomerular Diseases (Robbin's)
Glomerular diseases definition and importance
Glomerular diseases are disorders affecting the glomerulus; common cause of chronic renal failure
Glomerular diseases nomenclature and classifications
*** Nomenclature and characteristics can co-exist, even for nephritic and nephrotic syndromes***
1) Focal
2) Diffuse
3) Proliferative
4) Membranous
5) Membranoproliferative/mesangiocapillary
6) Primary
7) Secondary
8) Hereditary
9) Presented with nephritic syndrome
10) Presented with nephrotic syndrome
11) Glomerulonephritis
Focal glomerular diseases defintion
< 50% of glomeruli are involved
Diffuse glomerular diseases definition
>50% of glomeruli are involved
Proliferative glomerular diseases definition
Hypercellularity observed
Membranous glomerular diseases definition
Thickening of glomerular basement membrane (due to subendothelial/epimembraneous deposits)
Membranoproliferative definition
AKA Mesangiocapillary; caused by deposits in the kidney glomerular mesangium and basement membrane (GBM) thickening (subendothelial deposits)
Primary glomerular diseases definition
Glomerular diseases in which the kidneys are the only or predominant organs involved; thus a primary disease of the kidney
Secondary glomerular diseases defintion
Secondary glomerular diseases are those in which the kidney is injured in the course of systemic diseases (secondary to systemic diseases)
Primary vs secondary glomerular diseases
- Primary glomerular diseases are those in which the kidneys are the only or predominant organs involved
- Secondary glomerular diseases are those in which the kidney is injured in the course of systemic diseases.
Examples of primary glomerular diseases
1) Acute diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN)
- Post-streptococcal & Non-post-streptococcal
2) Chronic glomerulonephritis (GN)
3) Rapidly-progressive (crescentic) glomerulonephritis (GN)
4) Membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (mesangiocapillary GN)
5) Focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (GN)
6) Focal Segmental glomerulosclerosis
7) Membranous nephropathy (membranous glomerulopathy)
8) Minimal-change disease
9) IgA nephropathy (Berger’s disease)
Examples of secondary glomerular diseases
1) Lupus nephritis (Systemic lupus erythematosus; SLE)
2) Diabetic nephropathy (Diabetes mellitus)
3) Amyloidosis
4) GN secondary to multiple myeloma
5) Goodpasture syndrome
6) Microscopic polyangiitis
7) Polyarteritis nodosa
8) Wegener granulomatosis
9) Henoch-Schönlein purpura
10) Bacterial endocarditis-related GN
11) Thrombotic microangiopathy
Hereditary glomerular disorders
1) Alport syndrome
2) Fabry disease
3) Thin membrane disease
4) Podocyte/slit-diaphragm protein mutations
Glomerulonephritis defintion
Inflammation of the glomeruli and kidney assumed
Crescentic definition
Pathological terminology; more than 50% glomeruli with crescent bodies formation
Diagnosis of glomerular diseases depend on
1) Morphology of glomerular lesion (histological alterations)
2) Cause and pathogenesis
3) Clinical manifestations