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Unit 3 Microbio > L19+20: Syph+Gono > Flashcards

L19+20: Syph+Gono Flashcards

1
Q

Causative agent of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

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2
Q

Can cause lymphogranuloma vernereum or nongonococcal urethritis

A

Chlamydia trachomatic
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Mycoplasma genitalium

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3
Q

Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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4
Q

Granuloma inguinales

A

Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

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5
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Syphilus

A

Ulcerative

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6
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Gonorrhea

A

NONulcerative

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7
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Trichomonas

A

NONulcerative

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8
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Chancroid

A

Ulcerative

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9
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Genital herpes

A

Ulcerative

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10
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Chlamydia

A

NONulcerative

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11
Q

Yaws, pinta, bejel

A

Non-STD diseases from person-to-person contact in developing countries
Caused by treponema genus

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12
Q

Syphilis is called

A

The great imposter

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13
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

G- spirochete
slow rotational motility
obligate intracellular parasite requiring mammalian host

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14
Q

Used as an animal model for Treponema pallidum

A

Rabbits

not observed in mice or monkeys

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15
Q

Virulence factors of Treponema pallidum

A

Outer membrane proteins: adherence
Hyaluronidase: perivascular infiltration
Fibronectin coat: antiphagocytic

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16
Q

Fibronectin coat

A

Treponema pallidum

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17
Q

What are syphilis lesions the result of?

A

host inflammatory response

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18
Q

How can syphilis be transmitted?

A

Horizontal or vertical

but most frequently sexual contact with someone who has an active primary or secondary lesion

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19
Q

Nongenital contact that can give you syphilis

A

Lesion near mouth
Needles
Transplacental

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20
Q

Tissues involved in primary syphilis

A

Mouth, genitals, skin

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21
Q

Tissues involved in secondary syphilis

A 
Secondary to dissemination:
Feet, handss
Genitals
Fetus
Intestines
Kidneys
Arterioles
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22
Q

Tissues involved in tertiary syphilis

A

Literally anywhere

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23
Q

How long does it take for a primary syphilis attack to occur?

A

a few weeks, ~4

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24
Q

How long does it take for a tertiary syphilis attack to occur?

A

years of latency: 5-20 years

25
How does a chancre form?
``` Syphililus enters subepithelial tissues through a break in skin Primary lesion (papule/indurated swelling) forms Surface erosion/necrosis results in chancre ```
26
How long does it take for a chancre to heal if untreated?
3-8 weeks | with fibrosis
27
What does a chancre look like?
Scanty serous exudate Thin, grayish, slightly hemorrhagic crust Base is smooth Border is raised, firm, indurated
28
How long does syphilis stay dormant after the primary syphilis becomes latent?
Short dormancy: 2-10 weeks then secondary syphilis
29
Secondary syphilis
Superficial lesions of high infectivity: maculopapular rash Mucosal warty lesions: condylomata lata (1/3 of pts) Immune complexes form in arteriolar walls
30
Early latent syphilis
latency that occurs within 1 year of infection | patient will relapse into secondary syphilis again
31
Late latent syphilis
latency that occurs 1 year or more after infection | patient is immune to relapse and reinfection
32
Breakdown of syphilis prognosis:
1/3: spontaneous cure 1/3: seropositivity without disease 1/3: tertiary syphilis
33
Tertiary syphilis could include:
Neurosyphilis Cardiovascular syphilis Granulomata (gummas)
34
Neurosyphilis
meningovascular changes with focal neurologic changes and cortical degeneration
35
Cardiovascular syphilis
cardiovascular changes with aneurysm of ascending aorta
36
Granulomata (gummas)
late/benign syphilis | any tissue, but especially: skin, bones, joints
37
When does congenital syphilis show signs of infection?
4th month of gestation
38
When does congenital syphilis become apparent in a newborn?
Born "healthy" | 3 weeks
39
Congenital syphilis symptoms:
Maculopapular cutaneous lesions Nasal obstruction with mucoid discharge (infection) Osteitis of nasal bones Neurosyphilis
40
Hutchinson's triad
Congenital syphilis sequelae: Notched incisors Interstitial keratitis 8th nerve deafness
41
Every genital lesion
is syphilis until proven otherwise
42
How to visualize syphilis
Darkfield microscopy Direct immunofluorescence On secretions from primary/secondary lesions
43
Nontreponemal serotesting
Screening, nonspecific | Cardiolipin flocculation tests: VDRL, RPR
44
Treponomal serotesting
Specific antibody tests are confirmatory | FTA-ABS, MHA-TP
45
Salpingitis
fallopian tube infection
46
Neisseria gonorrhoeae morphology
G- diplococcus with kidney bean shaped cells
47
Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence factors
Pili Porin protein (attachment, lysis) IgA protease Plasmids and chromosomes: abx resistance
48
How does Neisseria gonorrhoeae confuse the immune system
Pili undergo antigenic variance, change quickly leading to relapses Nonpiliated phase variants: no antibodies are made against them Retardation of phagocytic activity due to surface proteins
49
Major Neisseria gonorrhoeae reservoir
Asymptomatic patient | 50% of women are asymptomatic
50
Neisseria gonorrhoeae releases ______ which causes injury to cells
Lipooligosaccharide | Peptidoglycan
51
Where does Neisseria gonorrhoeae enter/exit the body?
Mucosal surfaces | Eyes, mouth, urethra, vagina, rectum
52
Mucopurulent discharge from the penis
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
53
Most common Neisseria gonorrhoeae complication
Acute salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease: | pain, abnormal menses, bleeding, dsypareunia
54
Long term complications of acute salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease
infertility and ecotopic pregnancy secondary to scarring of tubes
55
acute salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease can be causes by
Gonorrhea Chlamydia trachomatis Anaerobes
56
Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)
bacteremia fever rash (arthritis dermatitis syndrome) *purulent arthritis* +/- endocarditis, meningitis
57
Is a gram stain a good way to diagnose Neisseria gonorrhoeae?
No, varies in sensitivity
58
Gold standard for Neisseria gonorrhoeae diagnosis
Nucleic acid amplification: PCR
59
Neisseria gonorrhoeae can also be detected by
Agglutination, DNA probe, biochemical tests

Unit 3 Microbio (13 decks)

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