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Unit 3 Microbio > L19+20: Syph+Gono > Flashcards

L19+20: Syph+Gono Flashcards

1
Q

Causative agent of syphilis

A

Treponema pallidum

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2
Q

Can cause lymphogranuloma vernereum or nongonococcal urethritis

A

Chlamydia trachomatic
Ureaplasma urealyticum
Mycoplasma genitalium

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3
Q

Chancroid

A

Haemophilus ducreyi

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4
Q

Granuloma inguinales

A

Calymmatobacterium granulomatis

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5
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Syphilus

A

Ulcerative

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6
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Gonorrhea

A

NONulcerative

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7
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Trichomonas

A

NONulcerative

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8
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Chancroid

A

Ulcerative

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9
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Genital herpes

A

Ulcerative

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10
Q

Ulcerative or nonulcerative:

Chlamydia

A

NONulcerative

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11
Q

Yaws, pinta, bejel

A

Non-STD diseases from person-to-person contact in developing countries
Caused by treponema genus

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12
Q

Syphilis is called

A

The great imposter

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13
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

G- spirochete
slow rotational motility
obligate intracellular parasite requiring mammalian host

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14
Q

Used as an animal model for Treponema pallidum

A

Rabbits

not observed in mice or monkeys

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15
Q

Virulence factors of Treponema pallidum

A

Outer membrane proteins: adherence
Hyaluronidase: perivascular infiltration
Fibronectin coat: antiphagocytic

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16
Q

Fibronectin coat

A

Treponema pallidum

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17
Q

What are syphilis lesions the result of?

A

host inflammatory response

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18
Q

How can syphilis be transmitted?

A

Horizontal or vertical

but most frequently sexual contact with someone who has an active primary or secondary lesion

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19
Q

Nongenital contact that can give you syphilis

A

Lesion near mouth
Needles
Transplacental

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20
Q

Tissues involved in primary syphilis

A

Mouth, genitals, skin

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21
Q

Tissues involved in secondary syphilis

A 
Secondary to dissemination:
Feet, handss
Genitals
Fetus
Intestines
Kidneys
Arterioles
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22
Q

Tissues involved in tertiary syphilis

A

Literally anywhere

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23
Q

How long does it take for a primary syphilis attack to occur?

A

a few weeks, ~4

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24
Q

How long does it take for a tertiary syphilis attack to occur?

A

years of latency: 5-20 years

25
Q

How does a chancre form?

A 
Syphililus enters subepithelial tissues through a break in skin
Primary lesion (papule/indurated swelling) forms 
Surface erosion/necrosis results in chancre
26
Q

How long does it take for a chancre to heal if untreated?

A

3-8 weeks

with fibrosis

27
Q

What does a chancre look like?

A

Scanty serous exudate
Thin, grayish, slightly hemorrhagic crust
Base is smooth
Border is raised, firm, indurated

28
Q

How long does syphilis stay dormant after the primary syphilis becomes latent?

A

Short dormancy: 2-10 weeks then secondary syphilis

29
Q

Secondary syphilis

A

Superficial lesions of high infectivity: maculopapular rash
Mucosal warty lesions: condylomata lata (1/3 of pts)
Immune complexes form in arteriolar walls

30
Q

Early latent syphilis

A

latency that occurs within 1 year of infection

patient will relapse into secondary syphilis again

31
Q

Late latent syphilis

A

latency that occurs 1 year or more after infection

patient is immune to relapse and reinfection

32
Q

Breakdown of syphilis prognosis:

A

1/3: spontaneous cure
1/3: seropositivity without disease
1/3: tertiary syphilis

33
Q

Tertiary syphilis could include:

A

Neurosyphilis
Cardiovascular syphilis
Granulomata (gummas)

34
Q

Neurosyphilis

A

meningovascular changes with focal neurologic changes and cortical degeneration

35
Q

Cardiovascular syphilis

A

cardiovascular changes with aneurysm of ascending aorta

36
Q

Granulomata (gummas)

A

late/benign syphilis

any tissue, but especially: skin, bones, joints

37
Q

When does congenital syphilis show signs of infection?

A

4th month of gestation

38
Q

When does congenital syphilis become apparent in a newborn?

A

Born “healthy”

3 weeks

39
Q

Congenital syphilis symptoms:

A

Maculopapular cutaneous lesions
Nasal obstruction with mucoid discharge (infection)
Osteitis of nasal bones
Neurosyphilis

40
Q

Hutchinson’s triad

A

Congenital syphilis sequelae:
Notched incisors
Interstitial keratitis
8th nerve deafness

41
Q

Every genital lesion

A

is syphilis until proven otherwise

42
Q

How to visualize syphilis

A

Darkfield microscopy
Direct immunofluorescence
On secretions from primary/secondary lesions

43
Q

Nontreponemal serotesting

A

Screening, nonspecific

Cardiolipin flocculation tests: VDRL, RPR

44
Q

Treponomal serotesting

A

Specific antibody tests are confirmatory

FTA-ABS, MHA-TP

45
Q

Salpingitis

A

fallopian tube infection

46
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae morphology

A

G- diplococcus with kidney bean shaped cells

47
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae virulence factors

A

Pili
Porin protein (attachment, lysis)
IgA protease
Plasmids and chromosomes: abx resistance

48
Q

How does Neisseria gonorrhoeae confuse the immune system

A

Pili undergo antigenic variance, change quickly leading to relapses

Nonpiliated phase variants: no antibodies are made against them

Retardation of phagocytic activity due to surface proteins

49
Q

Major Neisseria gonorrhoeae reservoir

A

Asymptomatic patient

50% of women are asymptomatic

50
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae releases ______ which causes injury to cells

A

Lipooligosaccharide

Peptidoglycan

51
Q

Where does Neisseria gonorrhoeae enter/exit the body?

A

Mucosal surfaces

Eyes, mouth, urethra, vagina, rectum

52
Q

Mucopurulent discharge from the penis

A

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

53
Q

Most common Neisseria gonorrhoeae complication

A

Acute salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease:

pain, abnormal menses, bleeding, dsypareunia

54
Q

Long term complications of acute salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease

A

infertility and ecotopic pregnancy secondary to scarring of tubes

55
Q

acute salpingitis or pelvic inflammatory disease can be causes by

A

Gonorrhea
Chlamydia trachomatis
Anaerobes

56
Q

Disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI)

A

bacteremia
fever rash (arthritis dermatitis syndrome)
purulent arthritis
+/- endocarditis, meningitis

57
Q

Is a gram stain a good way to diagnose Neisseria gonorrhoeae?

A

No, varies in sensitivity

58
Q

Gold standard for Neisseria gonorrhoeae diagnosis

A

Nucleic acid amplification: PCR

59
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae can also be detected by

A

Agglutination, DNA probe, biochemical tests

Unit 3 Microbio (13 decks)

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