L17 Neuroanatomy 2 Flashcards
Somatic, examples of somatic afferent and efferent
Stuff we are aware of, have control.
-Efferent: Voluntary muscle control, eg running
-Afferent: Sensory information we are aware of, eg seeing things
Autonomic, examples of anotonomic afferent and efferent
Not aware of and no control
-Invuluntary muscles control, eg heartbeat
-Sensory information we dont know: blood pressure
Somatic efferent divisions
-Upper motor neuron
-Lower motor neuron
-Effectors (skeletal muscle fibre)
(Somatic Efferent) What is the upper motor neuron?
-Cell body in brain
-Axon in spinal cord
(somatic efferent) Lower motor neuron
-Cell body in spinal cord
-Axon in spinal nerve
(somatic efferent) Anatomical organisation of the upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron
What is the neuromuscular junction and what happens during somatic efferent
Pre synatic nerve cell (lower motor neuron) in PNS transmits neurotransmitters from axon terminals to effector, muscle (post synaptic cell)
What neurotransmitter is used in somatic efferent
ACh
What are the two divisons of autonomic efferent nervous system
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
What are the effectors in autonomic efferent nervous system
Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose
How many neurons are between the brain and effector
3
Location of Neuron 1 in Autonomic efferent nervous system
-cell body in brain
-Axon in brain or spinal cord
Location of Neuron 2 in autonomic efferent
-Cell body in brain or spinal cord (CNS)
-axon in PNS
Location of neuron 3 in autonomic efferent
-Cell body in PNS
-Axon ins PNS
Relationship between Neurons 2 and 3 within the autonomic efferent
Neuron 2:
-Myelinated
-synapse in autonomic ganglion
-pre ganglionic neuron
Neuron 3:
-Unmyelinated
-synapses on effector organ
-Post ganglionic neuron
Two types of neurotransmitters and where it is released
ACh released in both neuron 2 and 3
Norepinephrine (NE) released in only Neuron 3
What is the SYMPATHETIC division of autonomic nervous system
NE
stress responses eg fight or flight
-inc heart rate
-dec gastric motility
-inc blood flow to muscles
What is the PARASYMPATHETIC division of autonomic system
ACh
Rest and Digest system
-Dec heart rate
-inc gastric motility
What are the structural differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (neurons 2 and 3)
In Sympathetic neruon 2 axon is short and synapse occurs close to CNS
In parasympathetic Neuron 2 has long axox and synapse occurs distant from cns
Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?
Sympathetic
What is the sympathetic chain ganglia?
21-23 pairs of groups of cell bodies one either side of vertebral column
site where preganglionic (neuron 2) synapse onto post ganglionic (neuron 3)
is this sympathetic or parasympathetic
Parasympathetic
what are the features of A, B, C and D
A- Cell body in thoracolumbar levels of spinal cord
B-axon is short
C-Axon terminal synapse in sympathetic chain ganglia
C-Post ganglionic neuron cell body in sympathetic chain ganglia
D- Axon is long
What are the features A, B, C and C
A- Cell body in cranial (brainstem) and sacral levels
B-Axon is long
C-Axon terminals synapse in Parasympathetic ganglia (near effector)
C-Cell body of post ganglionic neuron within parasympathetic ganglia near effector
D-Axon is short
