L17 Neuroanatomy 2

Question 1

Somatic, examples of somatic afferent and efferent

Answer 1

Stuff we are aware of, have control.
-Efferent: Voluntary muscle control, eg running
-Afferent: Sensory information we are aware of, eg seeing things

Question 2

Autonomic, examples of anotonomic afferent and efferent

Answer 2

Not aware of and no control
-Invuluntary muscles control, eg heartbeat
-Sensory information we dont know: blood pressure

Question 3

Somatic efferent divisions

Answer 3

-Upper motor neuron
-Lower motor neuron
-Effectors (skeletal muscle fibre)

Question 4

(Somatic Efferent) What is the upper motor neuron?

Answer 4

-Cell body in brain
-Axon in spinal cord

Question 5

(somatic efferent) Lower motor neuron

Answer 5

-Cell body in spinal cord
-Axon in spinal nerve

Question 6

(somatic efferent) Anatomical organisation of the upper motor neuron and lower motor neuron

Answer 6

Question 7

What is the neuromuscular junction and what happens during somatic efferent

Answer 7

Pre synatic nerve cell (lower motor neuron) in PNS transmits neurotransmitters from axon terminals to effector, muscle (post synaptic cell)

Question 8

What neurotransmitter is used in somatic efferent

Answer 8

ACh

Question 9

What are the two divisons of autonomic efferent nervous system

Answer 9

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 10

What are the effectors in autonomic efferent nervous system

Answer 10

Smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, glands, adipose

Question 11

How many neurons are between the brain and effector

Answer 11

3

Question 12

Location of Neuron 1 in Autonomic efferent nervous system

Answer 12

-cell body in brain
-Axon in brain or spinal cord

Question 13

Location of Neuron 2 in autonomic efferent

Answer 13

-Cell body in brain or spinal cord (CNS)
-axon in PNS

Question 14

Location of neuron 3 in autonomic efferent

Answer 14

-Cell body in PNS
-Axon ins PNS

Question 15

Relationship between Neurons 2 and 3 within the autonomic efferent

Answer 15

Neuron 2:
-Myelinated
-synapse in autonomic ganglion
-pre ganglionic neuron

Neuron 3:
-Unmyelinated
-synapses on effector organ
-Post ganglionic neuron

Question 16

Two types of neurotransmitters and where it is released

Answer 16

ACh released in both neuron 2 and 3
Norepinephrine (NE) released in only Neuron 3

Question 17

What is the SYMPATHETIC division of autonomic nervous system

Answer 17

NE
stress responses eg fight or flight

-inc heart rate
-dec gastric motility
-inc blood flow to muscles

Question 18

What is the PARASYMPATHETIC division of autonomic system

Answer 18

ACh
Rest and Digest system

-Dec heart rate
-inc gastric motility

Question 19

What are the structural differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system (neurons 2 and 3)

Answer 19

In Sympathetic neruon 2 axon is short and synapse occurs close to CNS

In parasympathetic Neuron 2 has long axox and synapse occurs distant from cns

Question 20

Sympathetic or Parasympathetic?

Answer 20

Sympathetic

Question 21

What is the sympathetic chain ganglia?

Answer 21

21-23 pairs of groups of cell bodies one either side of vertebral column

site where preganglionic (neuron 2) synapse onto post ganglionic (neuron 3)

Question 22

is this sympathetic or parasympathetic

Answer 22

Parasympathetic

Question 23

what are the features of A, B, C and D

Answer 23

A- Cell body in thoracolumbar levels of spinal cord
B-axon is short
C-Axon terminal synapse in sympathetic chain ganglia
C-Post ganglionic neuron cell body in sympathetic chain ganglia
D- Axon is long

Question 24

What are the features A, B, C and C

Answer 24

A- Cell body in cranial (brainstem) and sacral levels
B-Axon is long
C-Axon terminals synapse in Parasympathetic ganglia (near effector)
C-Cell body of post ganglionic neuron within parasympathetic ganglia near effector
D-Axon is short