L16 - Cells and organisation of nervous system

Question 1

What is Integration and co ordination

Answer 1

Integration - Sensing of stimulus eg pin

Co ordination- Shaking your foot away

Question 2

function of neurons (Nerve Cells)

Answer 2

Cells specialised for transmission of info (4 morphological types)

Question 3

Function of glia (3)

Answer 3

-Support for neurons
-5 basic types (4 in CNS and 1 in PNS)
-Each Type has a function

Question 4

Function of dendrites

Answer 4

-recieve input
-send info to cell body

Question 5

Cell body

Answer 5

-Contains nucleus and organelles
-Sums input

Question 6

Axon

Answer 6

-Carries Electrical impulses (Action Potential_
-May or may not be myelinated

Question 7

Axon Terminal

Answer 7

-End of Axon
-Neurotransmitter release

Question 8

(CNS) Group of cell bodies

Answer 8

Nucleus

Question 9

CNS Bundle of Axons

Answer 9

Tract

Question 10

CNS Group of cell bodies in cerebral cortex or spinal cord

Answer 10

Grey matter

Question 11

CNS Bundle of axons in cerebral cortex or spinal cord

Answer 11

White matter

Question 12

PNS Group of cell bodies

Answer 12

Ganglion

Question 13

PNS Bundle of axons

Answer 13

Nerve

Question 14

4 zones of Neuron

Answer 14

Input, Summation, Conduction, output

Question 15

Function of axon hillock

Answer 15

-Sums inputs from Dendrites and if the change in membrane potential exceeds threshold, allows for propagation of Information

Question 16

4 morphological types of Neurons

Answer 16

Multipolar, Bipolar, Unipolar, Axonic

Question 17

Multipolar

Answer 17

Multiple processes from cell body

Question 18

Bipolar

Answer 18

Two processes emanate from cell body

Question 19

Unipolar

Answer 19

One processes emenates from cell body which branch into dendrites and axons

Question 20

Axonic

Answer 20

No Distinct Axon
All process look alike

Question 21

CNS Glia (4 types of cells)

Answer 21

Astrocytes, microglia, ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes

Question 22

Astrocytes (3)

Answer 22

-supplies nutrients to neurons
-cover Blood Capillaries
-Injury response

Question 23

Microglia (2)

Answer 23

-immune cells of CNS
-Engulf microorganisms and debris

Question 24

Ependymal Cells (2)

Answer 24

-Line fluid filled spaces of brain and spinal cord
-Have Cilia to circulate cerebrospinal fluid

Question 25

Oligodendrocytes (2)

Answer 25

-Support nerve fibres
-Covers axons with myelin

Question 26

Peripheral Nervous System Glia - Shwann Cells

Answer 26

-Support peripheral nerve fibres
-covers axons with myelin
- Similar to Oligodendrocytes (CNS)

Question 27

What is Myelin Sheath and where does it come from in CNS and PNS

Answer 27

-Lipid wrapped around axon which increases conduction velocity
-CNS: Oligodendrocytes
-PNS: Shwann Cells

Question 28

What are the nodes of ranvier

Answer 28

-Gaps between myelin which increaseconduction velocity

Question 29

What is a synsape

Answer 29

Communication between neurons, Neurotransmitter release from axon terminal which travels to dendrites of another neuron

Question 30

What are synaptic vesicles

Answer 30

little packets of neurotransmitter

Question 31

What is synaptic cleft

Answer 31

Gap between pre synaptic neurons axons terminals and the post synaptic neurons dendrites

Question 32

Afferent and Efferent

Answer 32

-Info ‘ascends’ into brain

-response that comes out of brain